Ancient DNA from Mesopotamia suggests distinct Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic migrations into Anatolia.


Journal

Science (New York, N.Y.)
ISSN: 1095-9203
Titre abrégé: Science
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0404511

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
26 08 2022
Historique:
entrez: 25 8 2022
pubmed: 26 8 2022
medline: 30 8 2022
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

We present the first ancient DNA data from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of Mesopotamia (Southeastern Turkey and Northern Iraq), Cyprus, and the Northwestern Zagros, along with the first data from Neolithic Armenia. We show that these and neighboring populations were formed through admixture of pre-Neolithic sources related to Anatolian, Caucasus, and Levantine hunter-gatherers, forming a Neolithic continuum of ancestry mirroring the geography of West Asia. By analyzing Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic populations of Anatolia, we show that the former were derived from admixture between Mesopotamian-related and local Epipaleolithic-related sources, but the latter experienced additional Levantine-related gene flow, thus documenting at least two pulses of migration from the Fertile Crescent heartland to the early farmers of Anatolia.

Identifiants

pubmed: 36007054
doi: 10.1126/science.abq0762
pmc: PMC9983685
mid: NIHMS1873743
doi:

Substances chimiques

DNA, Ancient 0

Types de publication

Historical Article Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

982-987

Subventions

Organisme : NIGMS NIH HHS
ID : R01 GM100233
Pays : United States
Organisme : NHGRI NIH HHS
ID : R01 HG012287
Pays : United States
Organisme : Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Pays : United States

Commentaires et corrections

Type : CommentIn

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Auteurs

Iosif Lazaridis (I)

Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Songül Alpaslan-Roodenberg (S)

Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria.

Ayşe Acar (A)

Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Letters, Mardin Artuklu University, 47510 Artuklu, Mardin, Turkey.

Ayşen Açıkkol (A)

Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Letters, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey.

Anagnostis Agelarakis (A)

Department of History, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY 11530, USA.

Levon Aghikyan (L)

Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.

Uğur Akyüz (U)

Samsun Museum of Archeology and Ethnography, Kale Mahallesi, Merkez, İlkadım, 55030 Samsun, Turkey.

Desislava Andreeva (D)

Iskra Museum of History, 6100 Kazanlak, Bulgaria.

Gojko Andrijašević (G)

Historical Musem in Kotor, 85330 Kotor, Montenegro.

Dragana Antonović (D)

Institute of Archaeology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.

Ian Armit (I)

Department of Archaeology, University of York, York YO1 7EP, UK.

Alper Atmaca (A)

Amasya Archaeology Museum, Mustafa Kemal Paşa Caddesi, 05000 Amasya, Turkey.

Pavel Avetisyan (P)

Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.

Ahmet İhsan Aytek (Aİ)

Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Burdur Mehmet Akif University, 15100 Burdur, Turkey.

Krum Bacvarov (K)

National Institute of Archaeology and Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria.

Ruben Badalyan (R)

Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.

Stefan Bakardzhiev (S)

Yambol Regional Historical Museum, 8600 Yambol, Bulgaria.

Jacqueline Balen (J)

Archaeological Museum in Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.

Lorenc Bejko (L)

Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, University of Tirana, 1010 Tirana, Albania.

Rebecca Bernardos (R)

Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Andreas Bertsatos (A)

Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece.

Hanifi Biber (H)

Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65090 Tuşba, Van, Turkey.

Ahmet Bilir (A)

Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Düzce University, 81620 Düzce, Turkey.

Mario Bodružić (M)

Stratum Ltd., 21218 Seget Donji, Croatia.

Michelle Bonogofsky (M)

Independent Researcher, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

Clive Bonsall (C)

School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK.

Dušan Borić (D)

The Italian Academy for Advanced Studies in America, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.

Nikola Borovinić (N)

Center for Conservation and Archaeology of Montenegro, 81250 Cetinje, Montenegro.

Guillermo Bravo Morante (G)

Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria.

Katharina Buttinger (K)

Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria.

Kim Callan (K)

Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Francesca Candilio (F)

Servizio di Bioarcheologia, Museo delle Civiltà, 00144 Rome, Italy.

Mario Carić (M)

Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.

Olivia Cheronet (O)

Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria.

Stefan Chohadzhiev (S)

Department of Archaeology, University of Veliko Tarnovo "St. Cyril and St. Methodius," 5003 Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria.

Maria-Eleni Chovalopoulou (ME)

Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece.

Stella Chryssoulaki (S)

Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Sports, Ephorate of Antiquities of Piraeus and the Islands, 10682 Piraeus, Greece.

Ion Ciobanu (I)

"Orheiul Vechi" Cultural-Natural Reserve, Institute of Bioarchaeological and Ethnocultural Research, 3552 Butuceni, Moldova.
National Archaeological Agency, 2012 Chișinău, Moldova.

Natalija Čondić (N)

Archaeological Museum in Zadar, 23000 Zadar, Croatia.

Mihai Constantinescu (M)

"Francisc I. Rainer" Institute of Anthropology, 050711 Bucharest, Romania.

Emanuela Cristiani (E)

Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.

Brendan J Culleton (BJ)

Institutes of Energy and the Environment, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.

Elizabeth Curtis (E)

Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Jack Davis (J)

Department of Classics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.

Tatiana I Demcenco (TI)

Independent Researcher, Aberystwyth SY23 4UH, UK.

Valentin Dergachev (V)

Center of Archaeology, Institute of Cultural Heritage, Academy of Science of Moldova, 2001 Chișinău, Moldova.

Zafer Derin (Z)

Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Letters, Ege University, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkey.

Sylvia Deskaj (S)

Museum of Anthropological Archaeology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

Seda Devejyan (S)

Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.

Vojislav Djordjević (V)

Narodni muzej Pančcevo, 26101 Pančevo, Serbia.

Kellie Sara Duffett Carlson (KS)

Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria.

Laurie R Eccles (LR)

Human Paleoecology and Isotope Geochemistry Lab, Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.

Nedko Elenski (N)

Regional Museum of History - Veliko Tarnovo, 5000 Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria.

Atilla Engin (A)

Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Gaziantep University, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey.

Nihat Erdoğan (N)

Mardin Archaeological Museum, Şar, Cumhuriyet Meydanı üstü, 47100 Artuklu, Mardin, Turkey.

Sabiha Erir-Pazarcı (S)

Muğla İl Kültür ve Turizm Müdürlüğü, 48000 Muğla, Turkey.

Daniel M Fernandes (DM)

Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.

Matthew Ferry (M)

Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Suzanne Freilich (S)

Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria.

Alin Frînculeasa (A)

Prahova County Museum of History and Archaeology, 100042 Ploiești, Romania.

Michael L Galaty (ML)

Museum of Anthropological Archaeology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

Beatriz Gamarra (B)

Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
Departament d'Història i Història de l'Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43002 Tarragona, Spain.
School of Archaeology and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.

Boris Gasparyan (B)

Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.

Bisserka Gaydarska (B)

Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.

Elif Genç (E)

Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Çukurova University, 01330 Balçalı-Sarıçam-Adana, Turkey.

Timur Gültekin (T)

Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Humanities, Ankara University, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey.

Serkan Gündüz (S)

Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Bursa Uludağ University, 16059 Görükle, Bursa, Turkey.

Tamás Hajdu (T)

Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1053 Budapest, Hungary.

Volker Heyd (V)

Department of Cultures, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland.

Suren Hobosyan (S)

Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.

Nelli Hovhannisyan (N)

Department of Ecology and Nature Protection, Yerevan State University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.

Iliya Iliev (I)

Yambol Regional Historical Museum, 8600 Yambol, Bulgaria.

Lora Iliev (L)

Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Stanislav Iliev (S)

Regional Museum of History, 6300 Haskovo, Bulgaria.

İlkay İvgin (İ)

Ministry of Culture and Tourism, İsmet İnönü Bulvarı, 06100 Emek, Ankara, Turkey.

Ivor Janković (I)

Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.

Lence Jovanova (L)

Museum of the City of Skopje, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia.

Panagiotis Karkanas (P)

Malcolm H. Wiener Laboratory, American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 10676 Athens, Greece.

Berna Kavaz-Kındığılı (B)

Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Letters, Atatürk University, 25100 Erzurum, Turkey.

Esra Hilal Kaya (EH)

Muğla Archaeological Museum and Yatağan Thermal Power Generation Company, Rescue Excavations, 48000 Muğla, Turkey.

Denise Keating (D)

Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria.

Douglas J Kennett (DJ)

Institutes of Energy and the Environment, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.

Seda Deniz Kesici (S)

Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archeology, Çarşı Neighbourhood, 48400 Bodrum, Muğla, Turkey.

Anahit Khudaverdyan (A)

Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.

Krisztián Kiss (K)

Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1053 Budapest, Hungary.
Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.

Sinan Kılıç (S)

Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65090 Tuşba, Van, Turkey.

Paul Klostermann (P)

Department of Anthropology, Natural History Museum Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria.

Sinem Kostak Boca Negra Valdes (S)

Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archeology, Çarşı Neighbourhood, 48400 Bodrum, Muğla, Turkey.

Saša Kovačević (S)

Institute of Archaeology, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.

Marta Krenz-Niedbała (M)

Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.

Maja Krznarić Škrivanko (M)

Municipal Museum Vinkovci, 32100 Vinkovci, Croatia.

Rovena Kurti (R)

Prehistory Department, Albanian Institute of Archaeology, Academy of Albanian Studies, 1000 Tirana, Albania.

Pasko Kuzman (P)

National Museum in Ohrid, 6000 Ohrid, North Macedonia.

Ann Marie Lawson (AM)

Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Catalin Lazar (C)

ArchaeoSciences Division, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania.

Krassimir Leshtakov (K)

Department of Archaeology, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria.

Thomas E Levy (TE)

Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.

Ioannis Liritzis (I)

Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development and the Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Laboratory of Yellow River Cultural Heritage, Henan University, 475001 Kaifeng, China.
European Academy of Sciences and Arts, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.

Kirsi O Lorentz (KO)

Science and Technology in Archaeology and Culture Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 2121 Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus.

Sylwia Łukasik (S)

Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.

Matthew Mah (M)

Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.

Swapan Mallick (S)

Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Kirsten Mandl (K)

Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria.

Kristine Martirosyan-Olshansky (K)

Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

Roger Matthews (R)

Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AB, UK.

Wendy Matthews (W)

Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AB, UK.

Kathleen McSweeney (K)

School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK.

Varduhi Melikyan (V)

Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.

Adam Micco (A)

Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Megan Michel (M)

Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Lidija Milašinović (L)

National Museum of Kikinda, 23300 Kikinda, Serbia.

Alissa Mittnik (A)

Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.

Janet M Monge (JM)

University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Georgi Nekhrizov (G)

National Institute of Archaeology and Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria.

Rebecca Nicholls (R)

School of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK.

Alexey G Nikitin (AG)

Department of Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401, USA.

Vassil Nikolov (V)

National Institute of Archaeology and Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria.

Mario Novak (M)

Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.

Iñigo Olalde (I)

Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
BIOMICs Research Group, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.

Jonas Oppenheimer (J)

Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Anna Osterholtz (A)

Department of Anthropology and Middle Eastern Cultures, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.

Celal Özdemir (C)

Amasya Archaeology Museum, Mustafa Kemal Paşa Caddesi, 05000 Amasya, Turkey.

Kadir Toykan Özdoğan (KT)

Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria.

Nurettin Öztürk (N)

Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Letters, Atatürk University, 25100 Erzurum, Turkey.

Nikos Papadimitriou (N)

Paul and Alexandra Canellopoulos Museum, 105-55 Athens, Greece.

Niki Papakonstantinou (N)

Faculty of Philosophy, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.

Anastasia Papathanasiou (A)

Ephorate of Paleoantropology and Speleology, Greek Ministry of Culture, 11636 Athens, Greece.

Lujana Paraman (L)

Trogir Town Museum, 21220 Trogir, Croatia.

Evgeny G Paskary (EG)

Moldovan Historic - Geographical Society, 2044 Chișinău, Moldova.

Nick Patterson (N)

Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.

Ilian Petrakiev (I)

Regional Museum of History - Veliko Tarnovo, 5000 Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria.

Levon Petrosyan (L)

Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.

Vanya Petrova (V)

Department of Archaeology, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria.

Anna Philippa-Touchais (A)

French School of Archaeology at Athens, 10680 Athens, Greece.

Ashot Piliposyan (A)

Department of Armenian History, Armenian State Pedagogical University After Khachatur Abovyan, 0010 Yerevan, Armenia.

Nada Pocuca Kuzman (N)

National Museum in Ohrid, 6000 Ohrid, North Macedonia.

Hrvoje Potrebica (H)

Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.

Bianca Preda-Bălănică (B)

Department of Cultures, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland.

Zrinka Premužić (Z)

Independent Researcher, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.

T Douglas Price (TD)

Laboratory for Archaeological Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.

Lijun Qiu (L)

Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Siniša Radović (S)

Institute for Quaternary Paleontology and Geology, Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.

Kamal Raeuf Aziz (K)

Sulaymaniyah Directorate of Antiquities and Heritage, 46010 Sulaimaniyah, Iraq.

Petra Rajić Šikanjić (P)

Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.

Kamal Rasheed Raheem (K)

Sulaymaniyah Directorate of Antiquities and Heritage, 46010 Sulaimaniyah, Iraq.

Sergei Razumov (S)

Pridnestrovian University named after Taras Shevchenko, 3300 Tiraspol, Moldova.

Amy Richardson (A)

Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AB, UK.

Jacob Roodenberg (J)

The Netherlands Institute for the Near East, 2311 Leiden, Netherlands.

Rudenc Ruka (R)

Prehistory Department, Albanian Institute of Archaeology, Academy of Albanian Studies, 1000 Tirana, Albania.

Victoria Russeva (V)

Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Archeology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Science, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.

Mustafa Şahin (M)

Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Bursa Uludağ University, 16059 Görükle, Bursa, Turkey.

Ayşegül Şarbak (A)

Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Hitit University, 19040 Çorum, Turkey.

Emre Savaş (E)

Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archeology, Çarşı Neighbourhood, 48400 Bodrum, Muğla, Turkey.

Constanze Schattke (C)

Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria.

Lynne Schepartz (L)

School of Anatomical Sciences, The University of the Witwatersrand, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa.

Tayfun Selçuk (T)

Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archeology, Çarşı Neighbourhood, 48400 Bodrum, Muğla, Turkey.

Ayla Sevim-Erol (A)

Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Language and History - Geography, Ankara University, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey.

Michel Shamoon-Pour (M)

Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.

Henry M Shephard (HM)

Archaeological Institute of America, Boston, MA 02108, USA.

Athanasios Sideris (A)

Institute of Classical Archaeology, Charles University, 11636 Prague, Czechia.

Angela Simalcsik (A)

"Orheiul Vechi" Cultural-Natural Reserve, Institute of Bioarchaeological and Ethnocultural Research, 3552 Butuceni, Moldova.
"Olga Necrasov" Centre of Anthropological Research, Romanian Academy Iași Branch, 2012 Iaşi Romania.

Hakob Simonyan (H)

Scientific Research Center of the Historical and Cultural Heritage, 0010 Yerevan, Armenia.

Vitalij Sinika (V)

Pridnestrovian University named after Taras Shevchenko, 3300 Tiraspol, Moldova.

Kendra Sirak (K)

Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Ghenadie Sirbu (G)

Thracology Scientific Research Laboratory of the State University of Moldova, Department of Academic Management, Academy of Science of Moldova, 2009 Chișinău, Moldova.

Mario Šlaus (M)

Anthropological Center of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.

Andrei Soficaru (A)

"Francisc I. Rainer" Institute of Anthropology, 050711 Bucharest, Romania.

Bilal Söğüt (B)

Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Pamukkale University, 20070 Denizli, Turkey.

Arkadiusz Sołtysiak (A)

Faculty of Archaeology, University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warszawa, Poland.

Çilem Sönmez-Sözer (Ç)

Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Language and History - Geography, Ankara University, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey.

Maria Stathi (M)

Ephorate of Antiquities of East Attica, Ministry of Culture and Sports, 10682 Athens, Greece.

Martin Steskal (M)

Austrian Archaeological Institute at the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria.

Kristin Stewardson (K)

Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Sharon Stocker (S)

Department of Classics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.

Fadime Suata-Alpaslan (F)

Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Letters, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey.

Alexander Suvorov (A)

Department of Cultures, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland.

Anna Szécsényi-Nagy (A)

Institute of Archaeogenomics, Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 1097 Budapest, Hungary.

Tamás Szeniczey (T)

Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1053 Budapest, Hungary.

Nikolai Telnov (N)

Pridnestrovian University named after Taras Shevchenko, 3300 Tiraspol, Moldova.

Strahil Temov (S)

Archaeology Museum of North Macedonia, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia.

Nadezhda Todorova (N)

Department of Archaeology, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria.

Ulsi Tota (U)

Prehistory Department, Albanian Institute of Archaeology, Academy of Albanian Studies, 1000 Tirana, Albania.
Culture and Patrimony Department, University of Avignon, 84029 Avignon, France.

Gilles Touchais (G)

Department of the History of Art and Archaeology, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, 75006 Paris, France.

Sevi Triantaphyllou (S)

Faculty of Philosophy, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.

Atila Türker (A)

Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Atakum-Samsun, Turkey.

Marina Ugarković (M)

Institute of Archaeology, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.

Todor Valchev (T)

Yambol Regional Historical Museum, 8600 Yambol, Bulgaria.

Fanica Veljanovska (F)

Archaeology Museum of North Macedonia, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia.

Zlatko Videvski (Z)

Archaeology Museum of North Macedonia, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia.

Cristian Virag (C)

Satu Mare County Museum, 440031 Satu Mare, Romania.

Anna Wagner (A)

Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria.

Sam Walsh (S)

School of Natural Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.

Piotr Włodarczak (P)

Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-016 Kraków, Poland.

J Noah Workman (JN)

Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Aram Yardumian (A)

Department of History and Social Sciences, Bryn Athyn College, Bryn Athyn, PA 19009, USA.
Penn Museum, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Evgenii Yarovoy (E)

History of the Ancient World and Middle Ages Department, Moscow Region State University, Moscow Region, 141014 Mytishi, Russia.

Alper Yener Yavuz (AY)

Department of Anthropology, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Istiklal Campus, 15100 Burdur, Turkey.

Hakan Yılmaz (H)

Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65090 Tuşba, Van, Turkey.

Fatma Zalzala (F)

Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Anna Zettl (A)

Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria.

Zhao Zhang (Z)

Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Rafet Çavuşoğlu (R)

Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65090 Tuşba, Van, Turkey.

Nadin Rohland (N)

Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Ron Pinhasi (R)

Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
Human Evolution and Archaeological Sciences, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria.

David Reich (D)

Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.

Ruben Davtyan (R)

Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.

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