Serotonin 5-HT
5-HT1A
5-HT1B
Anxiety
Deep brain stimulation
Depression
Serotonin
Journal
Psychopharmacology
ISSN: 1432-2072
Titre abrégé: Psychopharmacology (Berl)
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 7608025
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Dec 2022
Dec 2022
Historique:
received:
22
04
2022
accepted:
28
09
2022
pubmed:
26
10
2022
medline:
22
11
2022
entrez:
25
10
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) delivered to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) induces antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like responses in various animal models. Electrophysiology and neurochemical studies suggest that these effects may be dependent, at least in part, on the serotonergic system. In rodents, vmPFC DBS reduces raphe cell firing and increases serotonin (5-HT) release and the expression of serotonergic receptors in different brain regions. We examined whether the behavioural responses of chronic vmPFC DBS are mediated by 5-HT We found that chronic DBS delivered to stressed animals reduced the latency to feed in the novelty suppressed feeding test (NSF) and immobility in the forced swim test (FST). Though no significant changes were observed in receptor expression, 5-HT The antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects of DBS in rodents may be partially mediated by 5-HT1
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) delivered to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) induces antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like responses in various animal models. Electrophysiology and neurochemical studies suggest that these effects may be dependent, at least in part, on the serotonergic system. In rodents, vmPFC DBS reduces raphe cell firing and increases serotonin (5-HT) release and the expression of serotonergic receptors in different brain regions.
METHODS
METHODS
We examined whether the behavioural responses of chronic vmPFC DBS are mediated by 5-HT
RESULTS
RESULTS
We found that chronic DBS delivered to stressed animals reduced the latency to feed in the novelty suppressed feeding test (NSF) and immobility in the forced swim test (FST). Though no significant changes were observed in receptor expression, 5-HT
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
The antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects of DBS in rodents may be partially mediated by 5-HT1
Identifiants
pubmed: 36282287
doi: 10.1007/s00213-022-06259-6
pii: 10.1007/s00213-022-06259-6
doi:
Substances chimiques
Serotonin
333DO1RDJY
Anti-Anxiety Agents
0
Antidepressive Agents
0
Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
3875-3892Informations de copyright
© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Références
Aggleton JP, Nelson AJD (2020) Distributed interactive brain circuits for object-in-place memory: a place for time? Brain Neurosci Adv 4:2398212820933471. https://doi.org/10.1177/2398212820933471
doi: 10.1177/2398212820933471
pubmed: 32954003
pmcid: 7479857
Anthony JP, Sexton TJ, Neumaier JF (2000) Antidepressant-induced regulation of 5-HT(1b) mRNA in rat dorsal raphe nucleus reverses rapidly after drug discontinuation. J Neurosci Res 61:82–87. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4547(20000701)61:1<82::AID-JNR10>3.0.CO;2-E
doi: 10.1002/1097-4547(20000701)61:1<82::AID-JNR10>3.0.CO;2-E
pubmed: 10861803
Antoniuk S, Bijata M, Ponimaskin E, Wlodarczyk J (2019) Chronic unpredictable mild stress for modeling depression in rodents: meta-analysis of model reliability. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 99:101–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.12.002
doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.12.002
pubmed: 30529362
Awan NR, Lozano A, Hamani C (2009) Deep brain stimulation: current and future perspectives. Neurosurg Focus 27:E2. https://doi.org/10.3171/2009.4.FOCUS0982
doi: 10.3171/2009.4.FOCUS0982
pubmed: 19569890
Bagdy E, Kiraly I, Harsing LG Jr (2000) Reciprocal innervation between serotonergic and GABAergic neurons in raphe nuclei of the rat. Neurochem Res 25:1465–1473. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1007672008297
doi: 10.1023/a:1007672008297
pubmed: 11071365
Bambico FR, Bregman T, Diwan M, Li J, Darvish-Ghane S, Li Z, Laver B, Amorim BO, Covolan L, Nobrega JN, Hamani C (2015) Neuroplasticity-dependent and -independent mechanisms of chronic deep brain stimulation in stressed rats. Transl Psychiatry 5:e674. https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2015.166
doi: 10.1038/tp.2015.166
pubmed: 26529427
pmcid: 5068759
Bambico FR, Comai S, Diwan M, Hasan SMN, Conway JD, Darvish-Ghane S, Hamani C, Gobbi G, Nobrega JN (2018) High frequency stimulation of the anterior vermis modulates behavioural response to chronic stress: involvement of the prefrontal cortex and dorsal raphe? Neurobiol Dis 116:166–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2018.03.011
doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.03.011
pubmed: 29727711
Bannai M, Fish EW, Faccidomo S, Miczek KA (2007) Anti-aggressive effects of agonists at 5-HT1B receptors in the dorsal raphe nucleus of mice. Psychopharmacology 193:295–304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-007-0780-5
doi: 10.1007/s00213-007-0780-5
pubmed: 17440711
Bartolomucci A, Palanza P, Gaspani L, Limiroli E, Panerai AE, Ceresini G, Poli MD, Parmigiani S (2001) Social status in mice: behavioral, endocrine and immune changes are context dependent. Physiol Behav 73:401–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9384(01)00453-x
doi: 10.1016/s0031-9384(01)00453-x
pubmed: 11438368
Bergfeld IO, Mantione M, Hoogendoorn ML, Ruhe HG, Notten P, van Laarhoven J, Visser I, Figee M, de Kwaasteniet BP, Horst F, Schene AH, van den Munckhof P, Beute G, Schuurman R, Denys D (2016) Deep brain stimulation of the ventral anterior lof the internal capsule for treatment-resistant depression: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiat 73:456–464. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.0152
doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.0152
Berton O, Durand M, Aguerre S, Mormede P, Chaouloff F (1999) Behavioral, neuroendocrine and serotonergic consequences of single social defeat and repeated fluoxetine pretreatment in the Lewis rat strain. Neuroscience 92:327–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4522(98)00742-8
doi: 10.1016/s0306-4522(98)00742-8
pubmed: 10392854
Berton O, McClung CA, Dileone RJ, Krishnan V, Renthal W, Russo SJ, Graham D, Tsankova NM, Bolanos CA, Rios M, Monteggia LM, Self DW, Nestler EJ (2006) Essential role of BDNF in the mesolimbic dopamine pathway in social defeat stress. Science 311:864–868. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1120972
doi: 10.1126/science.1120972
pubmed: 16469931
Blier P, Pineyro G, el Mansari M, Bergeron R, de Montigny C (1998) Role of somatodendritic 5-HT autoreceptors in modulating 5-HT neurotransmission. Ann N Y Acad Sci 861:204–216. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10192.x
doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10192.x
pubmed: 9928258
Bregman T, Nona C, Volle J, Diwan M, Raymond R, Fletcher PJ, Nobrega JN, Hamani C (2018) Deep brain stimulation induces antidepressant-like effects in serotonin transporter knockout mice. Brain Stimul 11:423–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2017.11.008
doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.11.008
pubmed: 29174865
Brown EC, Clark DL, Forkert ND, Molnar CP, Kiss ZHT, Ramasubbu R (2020) Metabolic activity in subcallosal cingulate predicts response to deep brain stimulation for depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 45:1681–1688. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-020-0745-5
doi: 10.1038/s41386-020-0745-5
pubmed: 32580207
pmcid: 7419290
Bruchim-Samuel M, Lax E, Gazit T, Friedman A, Ahdoot H, Bairachnaya M, Pinhasov A, Yadid G (2016) Electrical stimulation of the vmPFC serves as a remote control to affect VTA activity and improve depressive-like behavior. Exp Neurol 283:255–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.05.016
doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.05.016
pubmed: 27181412
Casquero-Veiga M, Garcia-Garcia D, Desco M, Soto-Montenegro ML (2018) Understanding deep brain stimulation: in vivo metabolic consequences of the electrode insertional effect. Biomed Res Int 2018:8560232. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8560232
doi: 10.1155/2018/8560232
pubmed: 30417016
pmcid: 6207900
Castro E, Diaz A, Rodriguez-Gaztelumendi A, Del Olmo E, Pazos A (2008) WAY100635 prevents the changes induced by fluoxetine upon the 5-HT1A receptor functionality. Neuropharmacology 55:1391–1396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.08.038
doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.08.038
pubmed: 18809415
Chakravarty MM, Hamani C, Martinez-Canabal A, Ellegood J, Laliberte C, Nobrega JN, Sankar T, Lozano AM, Frankland PW, Lerch JP (2016) Deep brain stimulation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex causes reorganization of neuronal processes and vasculature. Neuroimage 125:422–427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.10.049
doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.10.049
pubmed: 26525655
Chao OY, de Souza Silva MA, Yang YM, Huston JP (2020) The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 113:373–407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.007
doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.007
pubmed: 32298711
pmcid: 7302494
Chenu F, David DJ, Leroux-Nicollet I, Le Maitre E, Gardier AM, Bourin M (2008) Serotonin1B heteroreceptor activation induces an antidepressant-like effect in mice with an alteration of the serotonergic system. J Psychiatry Neurosci 33:541–550
pubmed: 18982177
pmcid: 2575758
Christoffel DJ, Golden SA, Russo SJ (2011) Structural and synaptic plasticity in stress-related disorders. Rev Neurosci 22:535–549. https://doi.org/10.1515/RNS.2011.044
doi: 10.1515/RNS.2011.044
pubmed: 21967517
pmcid: 3212803
Coenen VA, Schlaepfer TE, Bewernick B, Kilian H, Kaller CP, Urbach H, Li M, Reisert M (2019) Frontal white matter architecture predicts efficacy of deep brain stimulation in major depression. Transl Psychiatry 9:197. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-019-0540-4
doi: 10.1038/s41398-019-0540-4
pubmed: 31434867
pmcid: 6704187
Coenen VA, Schlaepfer TE, Sajonz B, Dobrossy M, Kaller CP, Urbach H, Reisert M (2020) Tractographic description of major subcortical projection pathways passing the anterior limb of the internal capsule. Corticopetal organization of networks relevant for psychiatric disorders. Neuroimage Clin 25:102165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102165
doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102165
pubmed: 31954987
pmcid: 6965747
Cryan JF, Markou A, Lucki I (2002) Assessing antidepressant activity in rodents: recent developments and future needs. Trends Pharmacol Sci 23:238–245
doi: 10.1016/S0165-6147(02)02017-5
pubmed: 12008002
Cryan JF, Page ME, Lucki I (2005a) Differential behavioral effects of the antidepressants reboxetine, fluoxetine, and moclobemide in a modified forced swim test following chronic treatment. Psychopharmacology 182:335–344. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-005-0093-5
doi: 10.1007/s00213-005-0093-5
pubmed: 16001105
Cryan JF, Valentino RJ, Lucki I (2005b) Assessing substrates underlying the behavioral effects of antidepressants using the modified rat forced swimming test. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 29:547–569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.03.008
doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.03.008
pubmed: 15893822
Dallman MF, Akana SF, Bhatnagar S, Bell ME, Strack AM (2000) Bottomed out: metabolic significance of the circadian trough in glucocorticoid concentrations. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 24(Suppl 2):S40–S46. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0801276
doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801276
pubmed: 10997607
Dandekar MP, Fenoy AJ, Carvalho AF, Soares JC, Quevedo J (2018) Deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: an integrative review of preclinical and clinical findings and translational implications. Mol Psychiatry 23:1094–1112. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2018.2
doi: 10.1038/mp.2018.2
pubmed: 29483673
Dandekar MP, Saxena A, Scaini G, Shin JH, Migut A, Giridharan VV, Zhou Y, Barichello T, Soares JC, Quevedo J, Fenoy AJ (2019) Medial forebrain bundle deep brain stimulation reverses anhedonic-like behavior in a chronic model of depression: importance of BDNF and inflammatory cytokines. Mol Neurobiol 56:4364–4380. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-018-1381-5
doi: 10.1007/s12035-018-1381-5
pubmed: 30317434
Davidson C, Stamford JA (1995) Evidence that 5-hydroxytryptamine release in rat dorsal raphe nucleus is controlled by 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D autoreceptors. Br J Pharmacol 114:1107–1109. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1995.tb13321.x
doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1995.tb13321.x
pubmed: 7620698
pmcid: 1510364
Davidson B, Suresh H, Goubran M, Rabin JS, Meng Y, Mithani K, Pople CB, Giacobbe P, Hamani C, Lipsman N (2020) Predicting response to psychiatric surgery: a systematic review of neuroimaging findings. J Psychiatry Neurosci 45:387–394. https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.190208
doi: 10.1503/jpn.190208
pubmed: 32293838
pmcid: 7595737
de Almeida RM, Nikulina EM, Faccidomo S, Fish EW, Miczek KA (2001) Zolmitriptan–a 5-HT1B/D agonist, alcohol, and aggression in mice. Psychopharmacology 157:131–141. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002130100778
doi: 10.1007/s002130100778
pubmed: 11594437
Detke MJ, Rickels M, Lucki I (1995) Active behaviors in the rat forced swimming test differentially produced by serotonergic and noradrenergic antidepressants. Psychopharmacology 121:66–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02245592
doi: 10.1007/BF02245592
pubmed: 8539342
Dougherty DD, Rezai AR, Carpenter LL, Howland RH, Bhati MT, O’Reardon JP, Eskandar EN, Baltuch GH, Machado AD, Kondziolka D, Cusin C, Evans KC, Price LH, Jacobs K, Pandya M, Denko T, Tyrka AR, Brelje T, Deckersbach T, Kubu C, Malone DA Jr (2015) A randomized sham-controlled trial of deep brain stimulation of the ventral capsule/ventral striatum for chronic treatment-resistant depression. Biol Psychiatry 78:240–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.11.023
doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.11.023
pubmed: 25726497
Edemann-Callesen H, Voget M, Empl L, Vogel M, Wieske F, Rummel J, Heinz A, Mathe AA, Hadar R, Winter C (2015) Medial forebrain bundle deep brain stimulation has symptom-specific anti-depressant effects in rats and as opposed to ventromedial prefrontal cortex stimulation interacts with the reward system. Brain Stimul 8:714–723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2015.02.009
doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2015.02.009
pubmed: 25819024
Fenoy AJ, Schulz PE, Selvaraj S, Burrows CL, Zunta-Soares G, Durkin K, Zanotti-Fregonara P, Quevedo J, Soares JC (2018) A longitudinal study on deep brain stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle for treatment-resistant depression. Transl Psychiatry 8:111. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-018-0160-4
doi: 10.1038/s41398-018-0160-4
pubmed: 29867109
pmcid: 5986795
Frank AC, Scangos KW, Larson PS, Norbu T, Lee AT, Lee AM (2021) Identification of a personalized intracranial biomarker of depression and response to DBS therapy. Brain Stimul 14:1002–1004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2021.06.009
doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.06.009
pubmed: 34175247
pmcid: 8880609
Furlanetti LL, Coenen VA, Aranda IA, Dobrossy MD (2015) Chronic deep brain stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle reverses depressive-like behavior in a hemiparkinsonian rodent model. Exp Brain Res 233:3073–3085. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-015-4375-9
doi: 10.1007/s00221-015-4375-9
pubmed: 26195164
pmcid: 4623086
Gabbott PL, Warner TA, Jays PR, Bacon SJ (2003) Areal and synaptic interconnectivity of prelimbic (area 32), infralimbic (area 25) and insular cortices in the rat. Brain Res 993:59–71
doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2003.08.056
pubmed: 14642831
Gardier AM, Malagie I, Trillat AC, Jacquot C, Artigas F (1996) Role of 5-HT1A autoreceptors in the mechanism of action of serotoninergic antidepressant drugs: recent findings from in vivo microdialysis studies. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 10:16–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-8206.1996.tb00145.x
doi: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.1996.tb00145.x
pubmed: 8900496
Gersner R, Toth E, Isserles M, Zangen A (2010) Site-specific antidepressant effects of repeated subconvulsive electrical stimulation: potential role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Biol Psychiatry 67:125–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.09.015
doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.09.015
pubmed: 19880094
Gidyk DC, Diwan M, Gouveia FV, Giacobbe P, Lipsman N, Hamani C (2021) Investigating the role of CB1 endocannabinoid transmission in the anti-fear and anxiolytic-like effects of ventromedial prefrontal cortex deep brain stimulation. J Psychiatr Res 135:264–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.01.029
doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.01.029
pubmed: 33513472
Golden SA, Covington HE 3rd, Berton O, Russo SJ (2011) A standardized protocol for repeated social defeat stress in mice. Nat Protoc 6:1183–1191. https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2011.361
doi: 10.1038/nprot.2011.361
pubmed: 21799487
pmcid: 3220278
Gomez-Lazaro E, Arregi A, Beitia G, Vegas O, Azpiroz A, Garmendia L (2011) Individual differences in chronically defeated male mice: behavioral, endocrine, immune, and neurotrophic changes as markers of vulnerability to the effects of stress. Stress 14:537–548. https://doi.org/10.3109/10253890.2011.562939
doi: 10.3109/10253890.2011.562939
pubmed: 21438787
Hamani C, Nobrega JN (2012) Preclinical studies modeling deep brain stimulation for depression. Biol Psychiatry 72:916–923. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.05.024
doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.05.024
pubmed: 22748616
pmcid: 5633367
Hamani C, Schwalb JM, Rezai AR, Dostrovsky JO, Davis KD, Lozano AM (2006) Deep brain stimulation for chronic neuropathic pain: long-term outcome and the incidence of insertional effect. Pain 125:188–196
doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2006.05.019
pubmed: 16797842
Hamani C, Diwan M, Isabella S, Lozano AM, Nobrega JN (2010a) Effects of different stimulation parameters on the antidepressant-like response of medial prefrontal cortex deep brain stimulation in rats. J Psychiatr Res 44:683–687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.12.010
doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.12.010
pubmed: 20096858
Hamani C, Diwan M, Macedo CE, Brandao ML, Shumake J, Gonzalez-Lima F, Raymond R, Lozano AM, Fletcher PJ, Nobrega JN (2010b) Antidepressant-like effects of medial prefrontal cortex deep brain stimulation in rats. Biol Psychiatry 67:117–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.08.025
doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.08.025
pubmed: 19819426
Hamani C, Nobrega JN, Lozano AM (2010c) Deep brain stimulation in clinical practice and in animal models. Clin Pharmacol Ther 88:559–562. https://doi.org/10.1038/clpt.2010.133
doi: 10.1038/clpt.2010.133
pubmed: 20720537
Hamani C, Mayberg H, Stone S, Laxton A, Haber S, Lozano AM (2011) The subcallosal cingulate gyrus in the context of major depression. Biol Psychiatry 69:301–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.09.034
doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.09.034
pubmed: 21145043
Hamani C, Giacobbe P, Diwan M, Balbino ES, Tong J, Bridgman A, Lipsman N, Lozano AM, Kennedy SH, Nobrega JN (2012a) Monoamine oxidase inhibitors potentiate the effects of deep brain stimulation. Am J Psychiatry 169:1320–1321. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12060754
doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12060754
pubmed: 23212066
pmcid: 5756069
Hamani C, Machado DC, Hipolide DC, Dubiela FP, Suchecki D, Macedo CE, Tescarollo F, Martins U, Covolan L, Nobrega JN (2012b) Deep brain stimulation reverses anhedonic-like behavior in a chronic model of depression: role of serotonin and brain derived neurotrophic factor. Biol Psychiatry 71:30–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.08.025
doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.08.025
pubmed: 22000731
Hamani C, Amorim BO, Wheeler AL, Diwan M, Driesslein K, Covolan L, Butson CR, Nobrega JN (2014) Deep brain stimulation in rats: different targets induce similar antidepressant-like effects but influence different circuits. Neurobiol Dis 71:205–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2014.08.007
doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.08.007
pubmed: 25131446
pmcid: 5756089
Hamani C, Fonoff ET, Parravano DC, Silva VA, Galhardoni R, Monaco B, Navarro J, Yeng LT, Teixeira MJ, Ciampi de Andrade D (2021) Motor cortex stimulation for chronic neuropathic pain: results of a double-blind randomized study. Brain. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awab189
doi: 10.1093/brain/awab189
pubmed: 34373901
Hamani C, Temel Y (2012) Deep brain stimulation for psychiatric disease: contributions and validity of animal models. Sci Transl Med 4:142rv8. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3003722
Hammels C, Pishva E, De Vry J, van den Hove DL, Prickaerts J, van Winkel R, Selten JP, Lesch KP, Daskalakis NP, Steinbusch HW, van Os J, Kenis G, Rutten BP (2015) Defeat stress in rodents: from behavior to molecules. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 59:111–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.10.006
doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.10.006
pubmed: 26475995
Hogg S, Dalvi A (2004) Acceleration of onset of action in schedule-induced polydipsia: combinations of SSRI and 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptor antagonists. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 77:69–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2003.09.020
doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2003.09.020
pubmed: 14724043
Holtzheimer PE, Kelley ME, Gross RE, Filkowski MM, Garlow SJ, Barrocas A, Wint D, Craighead MC, Kozarsky J, Chismar R, Moreines JL, Mewes K, Posse PR, Gutman DA, Mayberg HS (2012) Subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant unipolar and bipolar depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 69:150–158. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1456
doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1456
pubmed: 22213770
pmcid: 4423545
Holtzheimer PE, Husain MM, Lisanby SH, Taylor SF, Whitworth LA, McClintock S, Slavin KV, Berman J, McKhann GM, Patil PG, Rittberg BR, Abosch A, Pandurangi AK, Holloway KL, Lam RW, Honey CR, Neimat JS, Henderson JM, DeBattista C, Rothschild AJ, Pilitsis JG, Espinoza RT, Petrides G, Mogilner AY, Matthews K, Peichel D, Gross RE, Hamani C, Lozano AM, Mayberg HS (2017) Subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: a multisite, randomised, sham-controlled trial. Lancet Psychiatry 4:839–849. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30371-1
doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30371-1
pubmed: 28988904
Iniguez SD, Riggs LM, Nieto SJ, Dayrit G, Zamora NN, Shawhan KL, Cruz B, Warren BL (2014) Social defeat stress induces a depression-like phenotype in adolescent male c57BL/6 mice. Stress 17:247–255. https://doi.org/10.3109/10253890.2014.910650
doi: 10.3109/10253890.2014.910650
pubmed: 24689732
pmcid: 5534169
Jimenez-Sanchez L, Castane A, Perez-Caballero L, Grifoll-Escoda M, Lopez-Gil X, Campa L, Galofre M, Berrocoso E, Adell A (2016a) Activation of AMPA receptors mediates the antidepressant action of deep brain stimulation of the infralimbic prefrontal cortex. Cereb Cortex 26:2778–2789. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhv133
doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhv133
pubmed: 26088969
Jimenez-Sanchez L, Linge R, Campa L, Valdizan EM, Pazos A, Diaz A, Adell A (2016b) Behavioral, neurochemical and molecular changes after acute deep brain stimulation of the infralimbic prefrontal cortex. Neuropharmacology 108:91–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.04.020
doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.04.020
pubmed: 27108934
Kaster MP, Santos AR, Rodrigues AL (2005) Involvement of 5-HT1A receptors in the antidepressant-like effect of adenosine in the mouse forced swimming test. Brain Res Bull 67:53–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.05.025
doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.05.025
pubmed: 16140163
Krishnan V, Nestler EJ (2011) Animal models of depression: molecular perspectives. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 7:121–147. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2010_108
doi: 10.1007/7854_2010_108
pubmed: 21225412
pmcid: 3270071
Krishnan V, Han MH, Graham DL, Berton O, Renthal W, Russo SJ, Laplant Q, Graham A, Lutter M, Lagace DC, Ghose S, Reister R, Tannous P, Green TA, Neve RL, Chakravarty S, Kumar A, Eisch AJ, Self DW, Lee FS, Tamminga CA, Cooper DC, Gershenfeld HK, Nestler EJ (2007) Molecular adaptations underlying susceptibility and resistance to social defeat in brain reward regions. Cell 131:391–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2007.09.018
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.09.018
pubmed: 17956738
Kronfeld-Schor N, Einat H (2012) Circadian rhythms and depression: human psychopathology and animal models. Neuropharmacology 62:101–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.08.020
doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.08.020
pubmed: 21871466
Kudryavtseva NN, Bakshtanovskaya IV, Koryakina LA (1991) Social model of depression in mice of C57BL/6J strain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 38:315–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(91)90284-9
doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(91)90284-9
pubmed: 2057501
Lagace DC, Donovan MH, DeCarolis NA, Farnbauch LA, Malhotra S, Berton O, Nestler EJ, Krishnan V, Eisch AJ (2010) Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is functionally important for stress-induced social avoidance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107:4436–4441. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0910072107
doi: 10.1073/pnas.0910072107
pubmed: 20176946
pmcid: 2840117
Lesch KP (1991) 5-HT1A receptor responsivity in anxiety disorders and depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 15:723–733. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-5846(91)90001-h
doi: 10.1016/0278-5846(91)90001-h
pubmed: 1763190
Lim SN, Lee ST, Tsai YT, Chen IA, Tu PH, Chen JL, Chang HW, Su YC, Wu T (2007) Electrical stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus for intractable epilepsy: a long-term follow-up study. Epilepsia 48:342–347. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00898.x
doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00898.x
pubmed: 17295629
Lim LW, Janssen ML, Kocabicak E, Temel Y (2015a) The antidepressant effects of ventromedial prefrontal cortex stimulation is associated with neural activation in the medial part of the subthalamic nucleus. Behav Brain Res 279:17–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2014.11.008
doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.11.008
pubmed: 25446757
Lim LW, Prickaerts J, Huguet G, Kadar E, Hartung H, Sharp T, Temel Y (2015b) Electrical stimulation alleviates depressive-like behaviors of rats: investigation of brain targets and potential mechanisms. Transl Psychiatry 5:e535. https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2015.24
doi: 10.1038/tp.2015.24
pubmed: 25826110
pmcid: 4354354
Lopez-Mendoza D, Aguilar-Bravo H, Swanson HH (1998) Combined effects of Gepirone and (+)WAY 100135 on territorial aggression in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 61:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0091-3057(97)00563-7
doi: 10.1016/s0091-3057(97)00563-7
pubmed: 9715801
Lozano AM, Giacobbe P, Hamani C, Rizvi SJ, Kennedy SH, Kolivakis TT, Debonnel G, Sadikot AF, Lam RW, Howard AK, Ilcewicz-Klimek M, Honey CR, Mayberg HS (2012) A multicenter pilot study of subcallosal cingulate area deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression. J Neurosurg 116:315–322. https://doi.org/10.3171/2011.10.JNS102122
doi: 10.3171/2011.10.JNS102122
pubmed: 22098195
Lucki I (1996) Serotonin receptor specificity in anxiety disorders. J Clin Psychiatry 57(Suppl 6):5–10
pubmed: 8647798
Lucki I, Singh A, Kreiss DS (1994) Antidepressant-like behavioral effects of serotonin receptor agonists. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 18:85–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/0149-7634(94)90039-6
doi: 10.1016/0149-7634(94)90039-6
pubmed: 8170624
Lueptow LM (2017) Novel object recognition test for the investigation of learning and memory in mice. J Vis Exp. https://doi.org/10.3791/55718
Malone DA Jr, Dougherty DD, Rezai AR, Carpenter LL, Friehs GM, Eskandar EN, Rauch SL, Rasmussen SA, Machado AG, Kubu CS, Tyrka AR, Price LH, Stypulkowski PH, Giftakis JE, Rise MT, Malloy PF, Salloway SP, Greenberg BD (2009) Deep brain stimulation of the ventral capsule/ventral striatum for treatment-resistant depression. Biol Psychiatry 65:267–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.08.029
doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.08.029
pubmed: 18842257
Maluach AM, Misquitta KA, Prevot TD, Fee C, Sibille E, Banasr M, Andreazza AC (2017) Increased neuronal DNA/RNA oxidation in the frontal cortex of mice subjected to unpredictable chronic mild stress. Chronic Stress (Thousand Oaks) 1. https://doi.org/10.1177/2470547017724744
Maura G, Raiteri M (1986) Cholinergic terminals in rat hippocampus possess 5-HT1B receptors mediating inhibition of acetylcholine release. Eur J Pharmacol 129:333–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(86)90443-7
doi: 10.1016/0014-2999(86)90443-7
pubmed: 3780847
Mayberg HS, Lozano AM, Voon V, McNeely HE, Seminowicz D, Hamani C, Schwalb JM, Kennedy SH (2005) Deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression. Neuron 45:651–660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2005.02.014
doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2005.02.014
pubmed: 15748841
Mayorga AJ, Dalvi A, Page ME, Zimov-Levinson S, Hen R, Lucki I (2001) Antidepressant-like behavioral effects in 5-hydroxytryptamine(1A) and 5-hydroxytryptamine(1B) receptor mutant mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 298:1101–1107
pubmed: 11504807
Medrihan L, Sagi Y, Inde Z, Krupa O, Daniels C, Peyrache A, Greengard P (2017) Initiation of behavioral response to antidepressants by cholecystokinin neurons of the dentate gyrus. Neuron 95(564–576):e4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.06.044
doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.06.044
Moore P, Landolt HP, Seifritz E, Clark C, Bhatti T, Kelsoe J, Rapaport M, Gillin JC (2000) Clinical and physiological consequences of rapid tryptophan depletion. Neuropsychopharmacology 23:601–622. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0893-133X(00)00161-5
doi: 10.1016/S0893-133X(00)00161-5
pubmed: 11063917
Moshe H, Gal R, Barnea-Ygael N, Gulevsky T, Alyagon U, Zangen A (2016) Prelimbic stimulation ameliorates depressive-like behaviors and increases regional BDNF expression in a novel drug-resistant animal model of depression. Brain Stimul 9:243–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2015.10.009
doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2015.10.009
pubmed: 26655599
Muscat R, Towell A, Willner P (1988) Changes in dopamine autoreceptor sensitivity in an animal model of depression. Psychopharmacology 94:545–550. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00212853
doi: 10.1007/BF00212853
pubmed: 3131802
Nautiyal KM, Tritschler L, Ahmari SE, David DJ, Gardier AM, Hen R (2016) A lack of serotonin 1B autoreceptors results in decreased anxiety and depression-related behaviors. Neuropsychopharmacology 41:2941–2950. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2016.109
doi: 10.1038/npp.2016.109
pubmed: 27353308
pmcid: 5061886
Neumaier JF, Root DC, Hamblin MW (1996) Chronic fluoxetine reduces serotonin transporter mRNA and 5-HT1B mRNA in a sequential manner in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus. Neuropsychopharmacology 15:515–522. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0893-133X(96)00095-4
doi: 10.1016/S0893-133X(96)00095-4
pubmed: 8914125
O’Neill MF, Conway MW (2001) Role of 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(1B) receptors in the mediation of behavior in the forced swim test in mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 24:391–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0893-133X(00)00196-2
doi: 10.1016/S0893-133X(00)00196-2
pubmed: 11182534
O’Neill MF, Fernandez AG, Palacios JM (1996) GR 127935 blocks the locomotor and antidepressant-like effects of RU 24969 and the action of antidepressants in the mouse tail suspension test. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 53:535–539. https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(95)02047-0
doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(95)02047-0
pubmed: 8866952
Papp M, Gruca P, Lason M, Tota-Glowczyk K, Niemczyk M, Litwa E, Willner P (2018) Rapid antidepressant effects of deep brain stimulation of the pre-frontal cortex in an animal model of treatment-resistant depression. J Psychopharmacol 32:1133–1140. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881118791737
doi: 10.1177/0269881118791737
pubmed: 30182787
Papp M, Gruca P, Lason M, Niemczyk M, Willner P (2019) The role of prefrontal cortex dopamine D2 and D3 receptors in the mechanism of action of venlafaxine and deep brain stimulation in animal models of treatment-responsive and treatment-resistant depression. J Psychopharmacol 33:748–756. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881119827889
doi: 10.1177/0269881119827889
pubmed: 30789286
Paxinos G, Franklin KBJ (2012) Paxinos and Franklin’s the mouse brain in stereotaxic coordinates, 4th edn. Academic Press
Perez-Caballero L, Perez-Egea R, Romero-Grimaldi C, Puigdemont D, Molet J, Caso JR, Mico JA, Perez V, Leza JC, Berrocoso E (2014) Early responses to deep brain stimulation in depression are modulated by anti-inflammatory drugs. Mol Psychiatry 19:607–614. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2013.63
doi: 10.1038/mp.2013.63
pubmed: 23711979
Perez-Caballero L, Soto-Montenegro ML, Hidalgo-Figueroa M, Mico JA, Desco M, Berrocoso E (2018) Deep brain stimulation electrode insertion and depression: patterns of activity and modulation by analgesics. Brain Stimul 11:1348–1355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2018.06.010
doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.06.010
pubmed: 30001902
Popova NK, Naumenko VS (2013) 5-HT1A receptor as a key player in the brain 5-HT system. Rev Neurosci 24:191–204. https://doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2012-0082
doi: 10.1515/revneuro-2012-0082
pubmed: 23492554
Prevot TD, Misquitta KA, Fee C, Newton DF, Chatterjee D, Nikolova YS, Sibille E, Banasr M (2019) Residual avoidance: a new, consistent and repeatable readout of chronic stress-induced conflict anxiety reversible by antidepressant treatment. Neuropharmacology 153:98–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.05.005
doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.05.005
pubmed: 31075295
Puigdemont D, Portella M, Perez-Egea R, Molet J, Gironell A, de Diego-Adelino J, Martin A, Rodriguez R, Alvarez E, Artigas F, Perez V (2015) A randomized double-blind crossover trial of deep brain stimulation of the subcallosal cingulate gyrus in patients with treatment-resistant depression: a pilot study of relapse prevention. J Psychiatry Neurosci 40:224–231. https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.130295
doi: 10.1503/jpn.130295
pubmed: 25652752
pmcid: 4478055
Raab A, Dantzer R, Michaud B, Mormede P, Taghzouti K, Simon H, Le Moal M (1986) Behavioural, physiological and immunological consequences of social status and aggression in chronically coexisting resident-intruder dyads of male rats. Physiol Behav 36:223–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(86)90007-7
doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(86)90007-7
pubmed: 3960994
Reznikov R, Binko M, Nobrega JN, Hamani C (2016) Deep brain stimulation in animal models of fear, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 41:2810–2817. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2016.34
doi: 10.1038/npp.2016.34
pubmed: 26932819
pmcid: 5061888
Riva-Posse P, Choi KS, Holtzheimer PE, McIntyre CC, Gross RE, Chaturvedi A, Crowell AL, Garlow SJ, Rajendra JK, Mayberg HS (2014) Defining critical white matter pathways mediating successful subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression. Biol Psychiatry 76:963–969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.03.029
doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.03.029
pubmed: 24832866
pmcid: 4487804
Riva-Posse P, Choi KS, Holtzheimer PE, Crowell AL, Garlow SJ, Rajendra JK, McIntyre CC, Gross RE, Mayberg HS (2018) A connectomic approach for subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation surgery: prospective targeting in treatment-resistant depression. Mol Psychiatry 23:843–849. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2017.59
doi: 10.1038/mp.2017.59
pubmed: 28397839
Rogoz Z, Kabzinski M, Sadaj W, Rachwalska P, Gadek-Michalska A (2012) Effect of co-treatment with fluoxetine or mirtazapine and risperidone on the active behaviors and plasma corticosterone concentration in rats subjected to the forced swim test. Pharmacol Rep 64:1391–1399. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1734-1140(12)70936-2
doi: 10.1016/s1734-1140(12)70936-2
pubmed: 23406749
Rummel J, Voget M, Hadar R, Ewing S, Sohr R, Klein J, Sartorius A, Heinz A, Mathe AA, Vollmayr B, Winter C (2016) Testing different paradigms to optimize antidepressant deep brain stimulation in different rat models of depression. J Psychiatr Res 81:36–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.06.016
doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.06.016
pubmed: 27367210
Sankar T, Chakravarty MM, Jawa N, Li SX, Giacobbe P, Kennedy SH, Rizvi SJ, Mayberg HS, Hamani C, Lozano AM (2020) Neuroanatomical predictors of response to subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression. J Psychiatry Neurosci 45:45–54. https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.180207
doi: 10.1503/jpn.180207
pubmed: 31525860
Sari Y (2004) Serotonin1B receptors: from protein to physiological function and behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 28:565–582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.08.008
doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.08.008
pubmed: 15527863
Schlaepfer TE, Cohen MX, Frick C, Kosel M, Brodesser D, Axmacher N, Joe AY, Kreft M, Lenartz D, Sturm V (2008) Deep brain stimulation to reward circuitry alleviates anhedonia in refractory major depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 33:368–377. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1301408
doi: 10.1038/sj.npp.1301408
pubmed: 17429407
Schlaepfer TE, Bewernick BH, Kayser S, Madler B, Coenen VA (2013) Rapid effects of deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant major depression. Biol Psychiatry 73:1204–1212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.01.034
doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.01.034
pubmed: 23562618
Srejic LR, Hamani C, Hutchison WD (2015) High-frequency stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex decreases cellular firing in the dorsal raphe. Eur J Neurosci 41:1219–1226. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.12856
doi: 10.1111/ejn.12856
pubmed: 25712703
pmcid: 5633365
Takagishi M, Chiba T (1991) Efferent projections of the infralimbic (area 25) region of the medial prefrontal cortex in the rat: an anterograde tracer PHA-L study. Brain Res 566:26–39
doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(91)91677-S
pubmed: 1726062
Takahashi K, Kitamura Y, Ushio S, Sendo T (2020) Immobility-reducing effects of ketamine during the forced swim test on 5-HT1A receptor activity in the medial prefrontal cortex in an intractable depression model. Acta Med Okayama 74:301–306. https://doi.org/10.18926/AMO/60368
Tao R, Ma Z, Auerbach SB (1996) Differential regulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine release by GABAA and GABAB receptors in midbrain raphe nuclei and forebrain of rats. Br J Pharmacol 119:1375–1384. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb16049.x
doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb16049.x
pubmed: 8968546
pmcid: 1915829
Tasker RR (1998) Deep brain stimulation is preferable to thalamotomy for tremor suppression. Surg Neurol 49: 145–53; discussion 153–4.
Tatarczynska E, Klodzinska A, Chojnacka-Wojcik E (2002) Effects of combined administration of 5-HT1A and/or 5-HT1B receptor antagonists and paroxetine or fluoxetine in the forced swimming test in rats. Pol J Pharmacol 54:615–623
pubmed: 12866716
Tatarczynska E, Klodzinska A, Stachowicz K, Chojnacka-Wojcik E (2004) Effects of a selective 5-HT1B receptor agonist and antagonists in animal models of anxiety and depression. Behav Pharmacol 15:523–534. https://doi.org/10.1097/00008877-200412000-00001
doi: 10.1097/00008877-200412000-00001
pubmed: 15577451
Thiele S, Furlanetti L, Pfeiffer LM, Coenen VA, Dobrossy MD (2018) The effects of bilateral, continuous, and chronic Deep Brain Stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle in a rodent model of depression. Exp Neurol 303:153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.02.002
doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.02.002
pubmed: 29428214
Tiger M, Varnas K, Okubo Y, Lundberg J (2018) The 5-HT1B receptor - a potential target for antidepressant treatment. Psychopharmacology 235:1317–1334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-018-4872-1
doi: 10.1007/s00213-018-4872-1
pubmed: 29546551
pmcid: 5919989
Torres-Sanchez S, Perez-Caballero L, Berrocoso E (2017) Cellular and molecular mechanisms triggered by Deep Brain Stimulation in depression: a preclinical and clinical approach. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 73:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.09.005
doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.09.005
pubmed: 27644164
Torres-Sanchez S, Perez-Caballero L, Mico JA, Celada P, Berrocoso E (2018) Effect of Deep Brain Stimulation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex on the noradrenergic system in rats. Brain Stimul 11:222–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2017.10.003
doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.10.003
pubmed: 29074339
Veerakumar A, Challis C, Gupta P, Da J, Upadhyay A, Beck SG, Berton O (2014) Antidepressant-like effects of cortical deep brain stimulation coincide with pro-neuroplastic adaptations of serotonin systems. Biol Psychiatry 76:203–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.12.009
doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.12.009
pubmed: 24503468
Volle J, Bregman T, Scott B, Diwan M, Raymond R, Fletcher PJ, Nobrega JN, Hamani C (2018) Deep brain stimulation and fluoxetine exert different long-term changes in the serotonergic system. Neuropharmacology 135:63–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.03.005
doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.03.005
pubmed: 29505786
Warren BL, Vialou VF, Iniguez SD, Alcantara LF, Wright KN, Feng J, Kennedy PJ, Laplant Q, Shen L, Nestler EJ, Bolanos-Guzman CA (2013) Neurobiological sequelae of witnessing stressful events in adult mice. Biol Psychiatry 73:7–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.06.006
doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.06.006
pubmed: 22795644
Warren BL, Sial OK, Alcantara LF, Greenwood MA, Brewer JS, Rozofsky JP, Parise EM, Bolanos-Guzman CA (2014) Altered gene expression and spine density in nucleus accumbens of adolescent and adult male mice exposed to emotional and physical stress. Dev Neurosci 36:250–260. https://doi.org/10.1159/000362875
doi: 10.1159/000362875
pubmed: 24943326
Willner P (2017) The chronic mild stress (CMS) model of depression: history, evaluation and usage. Neurobiol Stress 6:78–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynstr.2016.08.002
doi: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2016.08.002
pubmed: 28229111
Willner P, Towell A, Sampson D, Sophokleous S, Muscat R (1987) Reduction of sucrose preference by chronic unpredictable mild stress, and its restoration by a tricyclic antidepressant. Psychopharmacology 93:358–364. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00187257
doi: 10.1007/BF00187257
pubmed: 3124165
Willner P, Muscat R, Papp M (1992) Chronic mild stress-induced anhedonia: a realistic animal model of depression. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 16:525–534. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80194-0
doi: 10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80194-0
pubmed: 1480349
Zanelati TV, Biojone C, Moreira FA, Guimaraes FS, Joca SR (2010) Antidepressant-like effects of cannabidiol in mice: possible involvement of 5-HT1A receptors. Br J Pharmacol 159:122–128. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00521.x
doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00521.x
pubmed: 20002102