A consensus document on definition and diagnostic criteria for orthorexia nervosa.
Anorexia nervosa (AN)
Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)
Eating disorder
Feeding and eating disorders (F&ED)
Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD)
Orthorexia nervosa (ON)
Journal
Eating and weight disorders : EWD
ISSN: 1590-1262
Titre abrégé: Eat Weight Disord
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 9707113
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Dec 2022
Dec 2022
Historique:
received:
23
09
2022
accepted:
12
11
2022
pubmed:
28
11
2022
medline:
4
1
2023
entrez:
27
11
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Since the term orthorexia nervosa (ON) was coined from the Greek (ὀρθός, right and ὄρεξις, appetite) in 1997 to describe an obsession with "correct" eating, it has been used worldwide without a consistent definition. Although multiple authors have proposed diagnostic criteria, and many theoretical papers have been published, no consensus definition of ON exists, empirical primary evidence is limited, and ON is not a standardized diagnosis. These gaps prevent research to identify risk and protective factors, pathophysiology, functional consequences, and evidence-based therapeutic treatments. The aims of the current study are to categorize the common observations and presentations of ON pathology among experts in the eating disorder field, propose tentative diagnostic criteria, and consider which DSM chapter and category would be most appropriate for ON should it be included. 47 eating disorder researchers and multidisciplinary treatment specialists from 14 different countries across four continents completed a three-phase modified Delphi process, with 75% agreement determined as the threshold for a statement to be included in the final consensus document. In phase I, participants were asked via online survey to agree or disagree with 67 statements about ON in four categories: A-Definition, Clinical Aspects, Duration; B-Consequences; C-Onset; D-Exclusion Criteria, and comment on their rationale. Responses were used to modify the statements which were then provided to the same participants for phase II, a second round of feedback, again in online survey form. Responses to phase II were used to modify and improve the statements for phase III, in which statements that met the predetermined 75% of agreement threshold were provided for review and commentary by all participants. 27 statements met or exceeded the consensus threshold and were compiled into proposed diagnostic criteria for ON. This is the first time a standardized definition of ON has been developed from a worldwide, multidisciplinary cohort of experts. It represents a summary of observations, clinical expertise, and research findings from a wide base of knowledge. It may be used as a base for diagnosis, treatment protocols, and further research to answer the open questions that remain, particularly the functional consequences of ON and how it might be prevented or identified and intervened upon in its early stages. Although the participants encompass many countries and disciplines, further research will be needed to determine if these diagnostic criteria are applicable to the experience of ON in geographic areas not represented in the current expert panel. Level V: opinions of expert committees.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36436144
doi: 10.1007/s40519-022-01512-5
pii: 10.1007/s40519-022-01512-5
pmc: PMC9803763
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
3695-3711Commentaires et corrections
Type : ErratumIn
Informations de copyright
© 2022. The Author(s).
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