Looking deep inside tissue with photoacoustic molecular probes: a review.
contrast agents
deep-tissue imaging
molecular imaging
optical probe
photoacoustic imaging
Journal
Journal of biomedical optics
ISSN: 1560-2281
Titre abrégé: J Biomed Opt
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 9605853
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
07 2022
07 2022
Historique:
received:
29
04
2022
accepted:
01
07
2022
entrez:
1
12
2022
pubmed:
2
12
2022
medline:
3
12
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Deep tissue noninvasive high-resolution imaging with light is challenging due to the high degree of light absorption and scattering in biological tissue. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) can overcome some of the challenges of pure optical or ultrasound imaging to provide high-resolution deep tissue imaging. However, label-free PAI signals from light absorbing chromophores within the tissue are nonspecific. The use of exogeneous contrast agents (probes) not only enhances the imaging contrast (and imaging depth) but also increases the specificity of PAI by binding only to targeted molecules and often providing signals distinct from the background. We aim to review the current development and future progression of photoacoustic molecular probes/contrast agents. First, PAI and the need for using contrast agents are briefly introduced. Then, the recent development of contrast agents in terms of materials used to construct them is discussed. Then, various probes are discussed based on targeting mechanisms, Material combinations are being used to develop highly specific contrast agents. In addition to passive accumulation, probes utilizing activation mechanisms show promise for greater controllability. Several probes also enable concurrent multimodal use with fluorescence, ultrasound, Raman, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography. Finally, targeted probes are also shown to aid localized and molecularly specific photo-induced therapy. The development of contrast agents provides a promising prospect for increased contrast, higher imaging depth, and molecularly specific information. Of note are agents that allow for controlled activation, explore other optical windows, and enable multimodal use to overcome some of the shortcomings of label-free PAI.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36451698
doi: 10.1117/1.JBO.27.7.070901
pii: 220092SSVR
pmc: PMC9307281
doi:
Substances chimiques
Molecular Probes
0
Contrast Media
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
070901Informations de copyright
© 2022 The Authors.
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