Orofacial clefts lead to increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels on neonatal oral mucosa.
cleft lip and palate
cytokines
mucosal homeostasis
mucosal immunity
neonates
oral
oral inflammation
orofacial clefts
Journal
Frontiers in immunology
ISSN: 1664-3224
Titre abrégé: Front Immunol
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101560960
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2022
2022
Historique:
received:
14
09
2022
accepted:
20
10
2022
entrez:
5
12
2022
pubmed:
6
12
2022
medline:
7
12
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Orofacial clefts (OFC) are frequent congenital malformations characterized by insufficient separation of oral and nasal cavities and require presurgical infant orthopedics and surgical interventions within the first year of life. Wound healing disorders and higher prevalence of gingivitis and plaque levels are well-known challenges in treatment of children with OFC. However, oral inflammatory mediators were not investigated after birth using non-invasive sampling methods so far. In order to investigate the impact of OFC on oral cytokine levels, we collected tongue smear samples from 15 neonates with OFC and 17 control neonates at two time points (T), T0 at first consultation after birth, and T1, 4 to 5 weeks later. The samples were analyzed using multiplex immunoassay. Overall, we found significantly increased cytokine levels (TNF, IL-1β/-2/-6/-8/-10) in tongue smear samples from neonates with OFC compared to controls, especially at T0. The increase was even more pronounced in neonates with a higher cleft severity. Further, we detected a significant positive correlation between cleft severity score and distinct pro-inflammatory mediators (GM-CSF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8) at T0. Further, we found that breast-milk (bottle) feeding was associated with lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6/-8) in neonates with OFC compared to formula-fed neonates. Our study demonstrated that neonates with OFC, especially with high cleft severity, are characterized by markedly increased inflammatory mediators in tongue smear samples within the first weeks of life potentially presenting a risk for oral inflammatory diseases. Therefore, an inflammatory monitoring of neonates with (severe) OFC and the encouragement of mother to breast-milk (bottle) feed might be advisable after birth and/or prior to cleft surgery.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36466891
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1044249
pmc: PMC9714580
doi:
Substances chimiques
Cytokines
0
Interleukin-6
0
Inflammation Mediators
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1044249Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2022 Seidel, Percivalle, Tschaftari, Weider, Strobel, Willershausen, Unertl, Schmetzer, Weber, Schneider, Frey, Gaipl, Beckmann and Gölz.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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