Non-persistent chemicals in polymer and non-polymer products can cause persistent environmental contamination: evidence with DEHP in Europe.
DEHP
Emissions through water
PVC
Persistence
Phthalate
Plasticizer
Pollution
Regulation
Soil and air
Journal
Environmental science and pollution research international
ISSN: 1614-7499
Titre abrégé: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 9441769
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Mar 2023
Mar 2023
Historique:
received:
08
07
2022
accepted:
14
01
2023
medline:
7
4
2023
pubmed:
26
1
2023
entrez:
25
1
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer that has been massively used since the second part of the twentieth century by the plastic industry to provide softness properties to PVC. This chemical is considered as toxic to reproduction and endocrine disrupting, and a wide range of uses are now forbidden by the EU. Despite these regulations, DEHP is still found to be a widespread contaminant in watersheds in the EU. In this study, we calculate retrospective and prospective scenarios of past and future emissions of DEHP in the environment (water, soil, air) in the EU 28, taking into account the entire lifecycle of the substance, from its production and its inclusion in polymer (mainly PVC) and non-polymer products (adhesive and sealant, ceramic and printing ink) to the recycling and end of life of these products. We develop a stock and flow model based on dynamically estimating the stocks of DEHP present in products on the market. Our results show that the introduction of recent regulations to limit the use of DEHP (that bring a 70% reduction of DEHP contained in products placed on the market in 2020 and 75% in 2040) will not reduce significantly future emissions. This persistence of emissions is explained by the high stocks built in the economy and the long-term presence of soft PVC waste in landfills. Our results suggest that DEHP will remain a cause of environmental contamination many decades after uses have declined and even ceased, and it appears to be too late for market regulation at the market stage to offset the effect of past stock buildup and landfilling. It is likely that several chemicals that are not considered as persistent and therefore not the focus of international regulations could exhibit the same characteristics. Regulations should avoid possible use patterns that make hazardous chemicals persistent in products, because they have the potential to create long-term and almost irreversible environmental pollution and impacts.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36697986
doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-25405-x
pii: 10.1007/s11356-023-25405-x
doi:
Substances chimiques
Diethylhexyl Phthalate
C42K0PH13C
Polymers
0
Plasticizers
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
44952-44962Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
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