Phosphodiesterases type 2, 3 and 4 promote vascular tone in mesenteric arteries from rats with heart failure.

Phosphodiesterases (PDE) type 3 and 4 promote vasoconstriction by hydrolysing cAMP. In experimental heart failure (HF), PDE3 makes PDE4 redundant in aorta, but it is not known if this occurs in resistance vessels, such as mesenteric artery. As PDE2 is increased in the failing myocardium, its possible role in the vasculature also needs to be addressed. Here, the function of PDE2, PDE3 and PDE4 in rat mesenteric arteries was characterized in experimental HF. Mesenteric arteries were isolated from rats sacrificed 22 weeks after surgical stenosis of the ascending aorta (HF), or Sham surgery. PDE inhibitors were used to probe isoenzyme contributions in enzymatic and isometric tension assays. PDE2 and PDE4 activities, but not PDE3 activity, facilitate contraction produced by the thromboxane analogue U46619 in Sham arteries, while in HF all three isoenzymes contribute to this response. NO synthase inhibition by L-NAME abolished the action of the PDE2 inhibitor. L-NAME eliminated the contribution of PDE4 in HF, but unmasked a contribution for PDE3 in Sham. PDE3 and PDE4 activities attenuated relaxant response to β-adrenergic stimulation in Sham and HF. PDE2 did not participate in cAMP or cGMP-mediated relaxant responses. PDE3 and PDE4 cAMP-hydrolysing activities were smaller in HF mesenteric arteries, while PDE2 activity was scarce in both groups. Endothelial cells and arterial myocytes displayed PDE2 immunolabelling. We highlight that, by contrast with previous observations in aorta, PDE4 participates equally as PDE3 in contracting mesenteric artery in HF. PDE2 activity emerges as a promoter of contractile response that is preserved in HF.

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Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.