Effect of Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors on Processing Speed and Executive Function in Three Racialized Groups.

Humans Executive Function Metabolic Syndrome Alzheimer Disease / complications Processing Speed Risk Factors
African Americans Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias American Indian Black Native American metabolic syndrome race racialized groups

Journal

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD
ISSN: 1875-8908
Titre abrégé: J Alzheimers Dis
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 9814863

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
2023
Historique:
pubmed: 7 2 2023
medline: 15 3 2023
entrez: 6 2 2023
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Understanding the association of MetS risk factors to processing speed and executive function in the pre-clinical stages of ADRD in under-represented groups would offer insight on potential mechanisms through which MetS associates with ADRD risk. Examine association of MetS features and processing speed and executive function across three racial groups. Cognitively unimpaired adults from the Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Prevention completed blood-draws and neuropsychological testing. Six cognitive outcomes were assessed in association to MetS risk factors: Trailmaking Tests A and B, Animal Fluency, Digit Symbol, and composite scores for Processing Speed and Executive Function. Linear mixed effect models were used to assess the relationship between MetS risk factor count and longitudinal cognitive performance across three racialized groups. Participant sample sizes varied by outcome analyzed (N = 714-1,088). African American and Native American groups exhibited higher rates of MetS than non-Hispanic Whites. MetS was associated with processing speed and executive function across all racialized groups. Three-way interaction by racialized group was limited to one cognitive outcome: Trailmaking Test A. Metabolic dysfunction incrementally affects cognitive trajectory, with generally similar associations across racial groups. Since racialized groups exhibit higher levels of both MetS and ADRD, MetS may represent a driving factor for increased ADRD risk experience by racialized group and an important and modifiable target through which to reduce risk of ADRD.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Understanding the association of MetS risk factors to processing speed and executive function in the pre-clinical stages of ADRD in under-represented groups would offer insight on potential mechanisms through which MetS associates with ADRD risk.
OBJECTIVE
Examine association of MetS features and processing speed and executive function across three racial groups.
METHODS
Cognitively unimpaired adults from the Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Prevention completed blood-draws and neuropsychological testing. Six cognitive outcomes were assessed in association to MetS risk factors: Trailmaking Tests A and B, Animal Fluency, Digit Symbol, and composite scores for Processing Speed and Executive Function. Linear mixed effect models were used to assess the relationship between MetS risk factor count and longitudinal cognitive performance across three racialized groups.
RESULTS
Participant sample sizes varied by outcome analyzed (N = 714-1,088). African American and Native American groups exhibited higher rates of MetS than non-Hispanic Whites. MetS was associated with processing speed and executive function across all racialized groups. Three-way interaction by racialized group was limited to one cognitive outcome: Trailmaking Test A.
CONCLUSION
Metabolic dysfunction incrementally affects cognitive trajectory, with generally similar associations across racial groups. Since racialized groups exhibit higher levels of both MetS and ADRD, MetS may represent a driving factor for increased ADRD risk experience by racialized group and an important and modifiable target through which to reduce risk of ADRD.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.3233/JAD-220920 PMID: 36744341 PMC: PMC10211459
pubmed: 36744341
pii: JAD220920
doi: 10.3233/JAD-220920
pmc: PMC10211459
mid: NIHMS1891219
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

285-294

Subventions

Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : P30 AG062715
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : R01 AG027161
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : R01 AG054059
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : R03 AG063303
Pays : United States

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Auteurs

Shenikqua Bouges (S)

VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin (UW) School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, UW School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.

Barbara L Fischer (BL)

VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.

Derek L Norton (DL)

Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.

Mary F Wyman (MF)

VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, UW School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Department of Psychiatry, Madison, WI, USA.

Nickolas Lambrou (N)

VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin (UW) School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.

Megan Zuelsdorff (M)

Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, UW School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, UW School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
University of Wisconsin - Madison School of Nursing, Madison, WI, USA.

Carol A Van Hulle (CA)

Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin (UW) School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, UW School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.

Gilda E Ennis (GE)

Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin (UW) School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, UW School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.

Taryn T James (TT)

Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin (UW) School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, UW School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.

Adrienne L Johnson (AL)

VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, Madison, WI, USA.

Nathaniel A Chin (NA)

Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin (UW) School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, UW School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.

Cynthia M Carlsson (CM)

VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin (UW) School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, UW School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, UW School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.

Carey E Gleason (CE)

VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin (UW) School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, UW School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.

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