Sex and gender in neurodevelopmental conditions.
Journal
Nature reviews. Neurology
ISSN: 1759-4766
Titre abrégé: Nat Rev Neurol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101500072
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
03 2023
03 2023
Historique:
accepted:
06
01
2023
pubmed:
7
2
2023
medline:
7
3
2023
entrez:
6
2
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Health-related conditions often differ qualitatively or quantitatively between individuals of different birth-assigned sexes and gender identities, and/or with different gendered experiences, requiring tailored care. Studying the moderating and mediating effects of sex-related and gender-related factors on impairment, disability, wellbeing and health is of paramount importance especially for neurodivergent individuals, who are diagnosed with neurodevelopmental conditions with uneven sex/gender distributions. Researchers have become aware of the myriad influences that sex-related and gender-related variables have on the manifestations of neurodevelopmental conditions, and contemporary work has begun to investigate the mechanisms through which these effects are mediated. Here we describe topical concepts of sex and gender science, summarize current knowledge, and discuss research and clinical challenges related to autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and other neurodevelopmental conditions. We consider sex and gender in the context of epidemiology, behavioural phenotypes, neurobiology, genetics, endocrinology and neighbouring disciplines. The available evidence supports the view that sex and gender are important contributors to the biological and behavioural variability in neurodevelopmental conditions. Methodological caveats such as frequent conflation of sex and gender constructs, inappropriate measurement of these constructs and under-representation of specific demographic groups (for example, female and gender minority individuals and people with intellectual disabilities) limit the translational potential of research so far. Future research and clinical implementation should integrate sex and gender into next-generation diagnostics, mechanistic investigations and support practices.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36747038
doi: 10.1038/s41582-023-00774-6
pii: 10.1038/s41582-023-00774-6
pmc: PMC10154737
mid: NIHMS1894875
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
136-159Subventions
Organisme : NIDCD NIH HHS
ID : F30 DC019510
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIGMS NIH HHS
ID : T32 GM007347
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.
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