Nonlinear absorption-based analysis of energy deposition in melanosomes for 532-nm short-pulsed laser skin treatment.
benign pigmented lesions
energy deposition
melanin
melanosome
nanosecond laser
nonlinear absorption
picosecond laser
short-pulsed laser
Journal
Lasers in surgery and medicine
ISSN: 1096-9101
Titre abrégé: Lasers Surg Med
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8007168
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
03 2023
03 2023
Historique:
revised:
24
01
2023
received:
20
10
2022
accepted:
27
01
2023
pubmed:
15
2
2023
medline:
25
3
2023
entrez:
14
2
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The clinical use of 532-nm short-pulsed lasers has provided effective treatment of epidermal pigmented lesions. However, the detection of significant differences in treatment effects between picosecond and nanosecond lasers has still varied among clinical studies. For robust evaluation of the differences based on the treatment mechanism, this study presents a nonlinear absorption-based analysis of energy deposition in melanosomes for 532-nm short-pulsed laser treatment. Nonlinear absorption by melanin is modeled based on sequential two-photon absorption. Absorption cross-sections and nonradiative lifetimes of melanin, which are necessary for the nonlinear absorption-based analysis, are determined from transmittance measurement. Using the model and parameters, energy deposition in melanosomes was calculated with varying fluence and pulse width settings, including actual clinical parameters. The energy deposition in melanosomes increased with shorter laser pulses, and subnanosecond laser pulses were found to be most efficient. The comparison of energy deposition calculated using clinical parameters demonstrated the differences in treatment effects between picosecond and nanosecond lasers reported in clinical studies. The nonlinear absorption-based analysis provides quantitative evidence for the safety and efficacy evaluation of short-pulsed laser treatments, which may lead to the establishment of numerical indices for determining treatment conditions. Future studies considering the effects of the surrounding tissue on energy deposition in melanosomes will be needed.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
The clinical use of 532-nm short-pulsed lasers has provided effective treatment of epidermal pigmented lesions. However, the detection of significant differences in treatment effects between picosecond and nanosecond lasers has still varied among clinical studies. For robust evaluation of the differences based on the treatment mechanism, this study presents a nonlinear absorption-based analysis of energy deposition in melanosomes for 532-nm short-pulsed laser treatment.
STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS
Nonlinear absorption by melanin is modeled based on sequential two-photon absorption. Absorption cross-sections and nonradiative lifetimes of melanin, which are necessary for the nonlinear absorption-based analysis, are determined from transmittance measurement. Using the model and parameters, energy deposition in melanosomes was calculated with varying fluence and pulse width settings, including actual clinical parameters.
RESULTS
The energy deposition in melanosomes increased with shorter laser pulses, and subnanosecond laser pulses were found to be most efficient. The comparison of energy deposition calculated using clinical parameters demonstrated the differences in treatment effects between picosecond and nanosecond lasers reported in clinical studies.
CONCLUSION
The nonlinear absorption-based analysis provides quantitative evidence for the safety and efficacy evaluation of short-pulsed laser treatments, which may lead to the establishment of numerical indices for determining treatment conditions. Future studies considering the effects of the surrounding tissue on energy deposition in melanosomes will be needed.
Substances chimiques
Melanins
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
305-315Informations de copyright
© 2023 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Références
Chan MWM, Shek SYN, Yeung CK, Chan HHL. A prospective study in the treatment of lentigines in Asian skin using 532 nm picosecond Nd:YAG laser. Lasers Surg Med. 2019;51(9):767-73.
Negishi K, Akita H, Matsunaga Y. Prospective study of removing solar lentigines in Asians using a novel dual-wavelength and dual-pulse width picosecond laser. Lasers Surg Med. 2018;50(8):851-58.
Guss L, Goldman MP, Wu DC. Picosecond 532 nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser for the treatment of solar lentigines in darker skin types: safety and efficacy. Dermatol Surg. 2017;43(3):456-59.
Shimojo Y, Nishimura T, Hazama H, Ozawa T, Awazu K. Measurement of absorption and reduced scattering coefficients in Asian human epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous fat tissues in the 400- to 1100-nm wavelength range for optical penetration depth and energy deposition analysis. J Biomed Opt. 2020;25(4):045002.
Tanghetti E, Jennings J. A comparative study with a 755 nm picosecond alexandrite laser with a diffractive lens array and a 532 nm/1064 nm Nd:YAG with a holographic optic. Lasers Surg Med. 2018;50(1):37-44.
Lee HC, Childs J, Chung HJ, Park J, Hong J, Cho SB. Pattern analysis of 532- and 1,064-nm picosecond-domain laser-induced immediate tissue reactions in ex vivo pigmented micropig skin. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):1-10.
Shimojo Y, Nishimura T, Hazama H, Ito N, Awazu K. Incident fluence analysis for 755-nm picosecond laser treatment of pigmented skin lesions based on threshold fluences for melanosome disruption. Lasers Surg Med. 2021;53(8):1096-104.
Ungaksornpairote C, Manuskiatti W, Junsuwan N, Wanitphakdeedecha R. A prospective, split-face, randomized study comparing picosecond to Q-switched Nd:YAG laser for treatment of epidermal and dermal pigmented lesions in Asians. Dermatol Surg. 2020;46(12):1671-75.
Kim JY, Yang J, Huh G, Choi YJ, Kim WS. A split-face, single-blinded, randomized controlled comparison of 532 nm picosecond neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser versus 532 nm Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser in the treatment of solar lentigines. Ann Dermatol. 2020;32(1):8-13.
Vachiramon V, Iamsumang W, Triyangkulsri K. Q-switched double frequency Nd:YAG 532-nm nanosecond laser vs. double frequency Nd:YAG 532-nm picosecond laser for the treatment of solar lentigines in Asians. Lasers Med Sci. 2018;33(9):1941-47.
Shariati B, Khatami SS, Ansari MA, Jahangiri F, Latifi H, Tuchin VV. Method for tissue clearing: temporal tissue optical clearing. Biomed Opt Express. 2022;13(8):4222-35.
Tian J, Chen B, Li D. Efficacy evaluation and treatment parameter optimization for laser surgery of Ota's nevus based on an advanced non-equilibrium bio-tissue heat transfer model. Lasers Med Sci. 2022;37(1):369-79.
Luecking M, Brinkmann R, Ramos S, Stork W, Heussner N. Capabilities and limitations of a new thermal finite volume model for the evaluation of laser-induced thermo-mechanical retinal damage. Comput Biol Med. 2020;122:103835.
Shimojo Y, Nishimura T, Hazama H, Ito N, Awazu K. Picosecond laser-induced photothermal skin damage evaluation by computational clinical trial. Laser Ther. 2020;29(1):61-72.
Stolarski DJ, Stolarski J, Thomas RJ, Noojin GD, Schuster KJ, Rockwell BA. Nonlinear absorption studies of melanin. Proc of SPIE. 2002;4617:161-71.
Anderson RR, Parrish JA. Selective photothermolysis: precise microsurgery by selective absorption of pulsed radiation. Science. 1983;220(4596):524-27.
Leupold D, Scholz M, Stankovic G, Reda J, Buder S, Eichhorn R, et al. The stepwise two-photon excited melanin fluorescence is a unique diagnostic tool for the detection of malignant transformation in melanocytes. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 2011;24(3):438-45.
Piletic IR, Matthews TE, Warren WS. Probing near-infrared photorelaxation pathways in eumelanins and pheomelanins. J Phys Chem A. 2010;114(43):11483-91.
Ye T, Simon JD. Comparison of the ultrafast absorption dynamics of eumelanin and pheomelanin. J Phys Chem B. 2003;107(40):11240-44.
Eichhorn R, Wessler G, Scholz M, Leupold D, Stankovic G, Buder S, et al. Early diagnosis of melanotic melanoma based on laser-induced melanin fluorescence. J Biomed Opt. 2009;14(3):034033.
Teuchner K, Freyer W, Leupold D, Volkmer A, Birch DJS, Altmeyer P, et al. Femtosecond two-photon excited fluorescence of melanin. Photochem Photobiol. 1999;70(2):146-51.
Meredith P, Riesz J. Radiative relaxation quantum yields for synthetic eumelanin. Photochem Photobiol. 2004;79(2):211-16.
Varghese B, Bonito V, Jurna M, Palero J, Horton M, Verhagen R. Influence of absorption induced thermal initiation pathway on irradiance threshold for laser induced breakdown. Biomed Opt Express. 2015;6(4):1234-40.
Perna G, Frassanito MC, Palazzo G, Gallone A, Mallardi A, Biagi PF, et al. Fluorescence spectroscopy of synthetic melanin in solution. J Lumin. 2009;129(1):44-9.
Cao W, Zhou X, McCallum NC, Hu Z, Ni QZ, Kapoor U, et al. Unraveling the structure and function of melanin through synthesis. J Am Chem Soc. 2021;143(7):2622-37.
Zongo S, Sanusi K, Britton J, Mthunzi P, Nyokong T, Maaza M, et al. Nonlinear optical properties of natural laccaic acid dye studied using Z-scan technique. Opt Mater. 2015;46:270-275.
Sheik-Bahae M, Said AA, Wei TH, Hagan DJ, Van Stryland EW. Sensitive measurement of optical nonlinearities using a single beam. IEEE J Quantum Electron. 1990;26(4):760-69.
Gu B, Huang XQ, Tan SQ, Wang M, Ji W. Z-scan analytical theories for characterizing multiphoton absorbers. Appl Phys B. 2009;95(2):375-81.
Gu B, Ji W, Patil PS, Dharmaprakash SM, Wang HT. Two-photon-induced excited-state absorption: theory and experiment. Appl Phys Lett. 2008;92(9):091118.
Xiaoqin H. Analytical resolution of nonlinear optical absorption in polymer. 2002 International Symposium on Nonlinear Theory and its Applications 2002;N2-6-6:539-42.
Jacques SL. Optical absorption of melanin. https://omlc.org/spectra/melanin/, Accessed on December 10, 2021.
Jacques SL, Glickman RD, Schwartz JA. Internal absorption coefficient and threshold for pulsed laser disruption of melanosomes isolated from retinal pigment epithelium. Proc of SPIE. 1996;2681:468-77.
Jacques SL, McAuliffe DJ. The melanosome: threshold temperature for explosive vaporization and internal absorption coefficient during pulsed laser irradiation. Photochem Photobiol. 1991;53(6):769-75.
Deladurantaye P, Méthot S, Mermut O, Galarneau P, Rochette PJ. Potential of sub-microsecond laser pulse shaping for controlling microcavitation in selective retinal therapies. Biomed Opt Express. 2020;11(1):109-32.
Neumann J, Brinkmann R. Boiling nucleation on melanosomes and microbeads transiently heated by nanosecond and microsecond laser pulses. J Biomed Opt. 2005;10(2):024001.
Teuchner K, Ehlert J, Freyer W, Leupold D, Altmeyer P, Stücker M, et al. Fluorescence studies of melanin by stepwise two-photon femtosecond laser excitation. J Fluoresc. 2000;10(3):275-75.
Nofsinger JB, Ye T, Simon JD. Ultrafast nonradiative relaxation dynamics of eumelanin. J Phys Chem B. 2001;105(14):2864-66.
Forest SE, Simon JD. Wavelength-dependent photoacoustic calorimetry study of melanin. Photochem Photobiol. 1998;68(3):296-98.
Kollias N, Sayre RM, Zeise L, Chedekel MR. New trends in photobiology: photoprotection by melanin. J Photochem Photobiol B. 1991;9(2):135-60.
Fu D, Ye T, Matthews TE, Yurtsever G, Warren WS. Two-color, two-photon, and excited-state absorption microscopy. J Biomed Opt. 2007;12(5):054004.
Kerimo J, Rajadhyaksha M, DiMarzio CA. Enhanced melanin fluorescence by stepwise three-photon excitation. Photochem Photobiol. 2011;87(5):1042-49.
Capozzi V, Perna G, Carmone P, Gallone A, Lastella M, Mezzenga E, et al. Optical and photoelectronic properties of melanin. Thin Solid Films. 2006;511-512(26):362-66.
Han Y, Rosenshein JS, Wu ZL, Ye W, Thomsen M, Zhao Q. Abnormal photon absorption behavior in melanin detected by photothermal lensing due to simultaneous irradiation with multiple laser wavelengths. Opt Eng. 2001;40(2):303-09.
Danielli A, Favazza CP, Maslov K, Wang LV. Picosecond absorption relaxation measured with nanosecond laser photoacoustics. Appl Phys Lett. 2010;97(16):163701.
Humphries A, Lister TS, Wright PA, Hughes MP. Finite element analysis of thermal and acoustic processes during laser tattoo removal. Lasers Surg Med. 2013;45(2):108-15.
Ho DDM, London R, Zimmerman GB, Young DA. Laser-tattoo removal-a study of the mechanism and the optimal treatment strategy via computer simulations. Lasers Surg Med. 2002;30(5):389-97.
Wu DC, Goldman MP, Wat H, Chan HHL. A systematic review of picosecond laser in dermatology: evidence and recommendations. Lasers Surg Med. 2021;53(1):9-49.
Watanabe S, Anderson RR, Brorson S, Dalickas G, Fujimoto JG, Flotte TJ. Comparative studies of femtosecond to microsecond laser pulses on selective pigmented cell injury in skin. Photochem Photobiol. 1991;53(6):757-62.
McKenzie AL. Physics of thermal processes in laser-tissue interaction. Phys Med Biol. 1990;35(9):1175-210.
Wang CC, Sue YM, Yang CH, Chen CK. A comparison of Q-switched alexandrite laser and intense pulsed light for the treatment of freckles and lentigines in Asian persons: a randomized, physician-blinded, split-face comparative trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;54(5):804-10.
Wanner M, Sakamoto FH, Avram MM, Chan HH, Alam M, Tannous Z, et al. Immediate skin responses to laser and light treatments: therapeutic endpoints: how to obtain efficacy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016;74(5):821-33.
Ohshiro T, Ohshiro T, Sasaki K, Kishi K. Picosecond pulse duration laser treatment for dermal melanocytosis in Asians: a retrospective review. Laser Ther. 2016;25(2):99-104.
Ross EV, Raythen J, Anderson RR. “Photon recycling” can enhance cutaneous response to lasers: a pilot human study. Lasers Surg Med. 2022;54(1):152-56.
Morales-Cruzado B, Pérez-Gutiérrez FG, de Lange DF, Romero-Méndez R. Study of the effect introduced by an integrating sphere on the temporal profile characterization of short laser pulses propagating through a turbid medium. Appl Opt. 2015;54(9):2383-90.