Avian Sex Determination: A Chicken and Egg Conundrum.
Chicken
DMRT1
Estrogen
Gonads
Journal
Sexual development : genetics, molecular biology, evolution, endocrinology, embryology, and pathology of sex determination and differentiation
ISSN: 1661-5433
Titre abrégé: Sex Dev
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101316472
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2023
2023
Historique:
received:
28
04
2022
accepted:
09
02
2023
medline:
21
11
2023
pubmed:
17
2
2023
entrez:
16
2
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Primary sex determination is the developmental process that results in the sexual differentiation of the gonads. Vertebrate sex determination is generally considered to follow the model based on the mammalian system, where a sex-specific master regulatory gene activates one of the two different gene networks that underlie testis and ovary differentiation. It is now known that, while many of the molecular components of these pathways are conserved across different vertebrates, a wide variety of different trigger factors are utilized to initiate primary sex determination. In birds, the male is the homogametic sex (ZZ), and significant differences exist between the avian system of sex determination and that of mammals. For example, DMRT1, FOXL2, and estrogen are key factors in gonadogenesis in birds, but none are essential for primary sex determination in mammals. Gonadal sex determination in birds is thought to depend on a dosage-based mechanism involving expression of the Z-linked DMRT1 gene, and it may be that this "mechanism" is simply an extension of the cell autonomous sex identity associated with avian tissues, with no sex-specific trigger required.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Primary sex determination is the developmental process that results in the sexual differentiation of the gonads. Vertebrate sex determination is generally considered to follow the model based on the mammalian system, where a sex-specific master regulatory gene activates one of the two different gene networks that underlie testis and ovary differentiation.
SUMMARY
CONCLUSIONS
It is now known that, while many of the molecular components of these pathways are conserved across different vertebrates, a wide variety of different trigger factors are utilized to initiate primary sex determination. In birds, the male is the homogametic sex (ZZ), and significant differences exist between the avian system of sex determination and that of mammals. For example, DMRT1, FOXL2, and estrogen are key factors in gonadogenesis in birds, but none are essential for primary sex determination in mammals.
KEY MESSAGE
CONCLUSIONS
Gonadal sex determination in birds is thought to depend on a dosage-based mechanism involving expression of the Z-linked DMRT1 gene, and it may be that this "mechanism" is simply an extension of the cell autonomous sex identity associated with avian tissues, with no sex-specific trigger required.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36796340
pii: 000529754
doi: 10.1159/000529754
pmc: PMC10659007
doi:
Substances chimiques
Estrogens
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
120-133Informations de copyright
© 2023 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.
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