Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: A critical view of the literature.
Epilepsy
Incidence
Pathophysiological mechanisms
SUDEP
Journal
Epilepsia open
ISSN: 2470-9239
Titre abrégé: Epilepsia Open
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101692036
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
09 2023
09 2023
Historique:
received:
17
06
2022
accepted:
04
03
2023
medline:
4
9
2023
pubmed:
11
3
2023
entrez:
10
3
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a sudden, unexpected, witnessed or unwitnessed, non-traumatic and non-drowning death, occurring in benign circumstances, in an individual with epilepsy, with or without evidence for a seizure and excluding documented status epilepticus in which postmortem examination does not reveal other causes of death. Lower diagnostic levels are assigned when cases met most or all of these criteria, but data suggested more than one possible cause of death. The incidence of SUDEP ranged from 0.09 to 2.4 per 1000 person-years. Differences can be attributed to the age of the study populations (with peaks in the 20-40-year age group) and the severity of the disease. Young age, disease severity (in particular, a history of generalized TCS), having symptomatic epilepsy, and the response to antiseizure medications (ASMs) are possible independent predictors of SUDEP. The pathophysiological mechanisms are not fully known due to the limited data available and because SUDEP is not always witnessed and has been electrophysiologically monitored only in a few cases with simultaneous assessment of respiratory, cardiac, and brain activity. The pathophysiological basis of SUDEP may vary according to different circumstances that make that particular seizure, in that specific moment and in that patient, a fatal event. The main hypothesized mechanisms, which could contribute to a cascade of events, are cardiac dysfunction (included potential effects of ASMs, genetically determined channelopathies, acquired heart diseases), respiratory dysfunction (included postictal arousal deficit for the respiratory mechanism, acquired respiratory diseases), neuromodulator dysfunction, postictal EEG depression and genetic factors.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36896633
doi: 10.1002/epi4.12722
pmc: PMC10472423
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
728-757Investigateurs
Oriano Mecarelli
(O)
Paolo Tinuper
(P)
Informations de copyright
© 2023 The Authors. Epilepsia Open published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International League Against Epilepsy.
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