Sleep Disturbances in Generalized Anxiety Disorder: The Role of Calcium Homeostasis Imbalance.
anxiety disorder
calcium
insomnia
parathyroid hormone
sleep
vitamin D
Journal
International journal of environmental research and public health
ISSN: 1660-4601
Titre abrégé: Int J Environ Res Public Health
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101238455
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 03 2023
01 03 2023
Historique:
received:
25
01
2023
revised:
16
02
2023
accepted:
28
02
2023
entrez:
11
3
2023
pubmed:
12
3
2023
medline:
15
3
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Patients with a generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) often report preeminent sleep disturbances. Recently, calcium homeostasis gained interest because of its role in the regulation of sleep-wake rhythms and anxiety symptoms. This cross-sectional study aimed at investigating the association between calcium homeostasis imbalance, anxiety, and quality of sleep in patients with GAD. A total of 211 patients were assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire (PSQI) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scales. Calcium, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were evaluated in blood samples. A correlation and linear regression analysis were run to evaluate the association of HAM-A, PSQI, and ISI scores with peripheral markers of calcium homeostasis imbalance. Significant correlations emerged between HAM-A, PSQI, ISI, PTH, and vitamin D. The regression models showed that patients with GAD displaying low levels of vitamin D and higher levels of PTH exhibit a poor subjective quality of sleep and higher levels of anxiety, underpinning higher psychopathological burden. A strong relationship between peripheral biomarkers of calcium homeostasis imbalance, insomnia, poor sleep quality, and anxiety symptomatology was underlined. Future studies could shed light on the causal and temporal relationship between calcium metabolism imbalance, anxiety, and sleep.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36901441
pii: ijerph20054431
doi: 10.3390/ijerph20054431
pmc: PMC10002427
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Calcium
SY7Q814VUP
Vitamins
0
Vitamin D
1406-16-2
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
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