The development and evaluation of an in-vitro shoulder simulator with active muscle simulation.
Journal
Scientific reports
ISSN: 2045-2322
Titre abrégé: Sci Rep
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101563288
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
17 03 2023
17 03 2023
Historique:
received:
17
07
2022
accepted:
08
03
2023
entrez:
18
3
2023
pubmed:
19
3
2023
medline:
22
3
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
The purpose of the present study was to develop a novel active in-vitro shoulder simulator to emulate all forms of planar and non-planar glenohumeral motions with active muscle simulation on cadaver specimens or shoulder models and to critically evaluate its performance. A physiologic shoulder simulator, driven using simulated muscle force, was developed to dynamically realize accurate kinematic control in all three rotational degrees of freedom (DOF) under physiological kinetic boundaries. The control algorithm of the simulator was implemented using three parallel running independent control loops, which regulate the forces of individual muscles in the respect DOF and work asynchronously in disparate sequences adapted to specific motions (abduction, flexion/extension and rotation). Three cadaveric specimens were used to evaluate the kinematic and kinetic performance of the simulator during simulated motions. High kinematic accuracy (maximum mean deviation ≤ 2.35° and RMSE 1.13°) and repeatability (maximum and average SD of ≤ 1.21° and 0.67°) were observed in all three rotational DOF investigated. The reliabilities of all individual muscle forces actuated in the simulator during planar and non-planar motions were generally excellent, with the 95% CIs of ICC estimates of > 0.90 for most instances (30/36). A novel shoulder simulator with active muscle simulation was developed and evaluated. Its capability to reproduce kinematics and kinetics in a physiological range for all DOF was systematically evaluated for multiple kinetic and kinematic outcome variables. The presented simulator is a powerful tool for investigating the biomechanics of physiological and pathological shoulder joints and to evaluate various surgical interventions. Acquisition of reliable data in joint kinetics and translational kinematics during active motions is critical to assess shoulder pathologies and appropriate treatments. We provide a unique muscle activated physiologic shoulder simulator, which allows the comprehensive acquisition of joint kinematic and kinetic data during repeated realistic planar and non-planar motions.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36932123
doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-31200-y
pii: 10.1038/s41598-023-31200-y
pmc: PMC10023710
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
4423Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s).
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