Changes in socioeconomic resources and mental health after the second COVID-19 wave (2020-2021): a longitudinal study in Switzerland.
Anxiety
COVID-19
Depressive symptoms
Financial resources
Socioeconomic condition
Stress
Journal
International journal for equity in health
ISSN: 1475-9276
Titre abrégé: Int J Equity Health
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101147692
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
23 03 2023
23 03 2023
Historique:
received:
28
11
2022
accepted:
25
02
2023
entrez:
24
3
2023
pubmed:
25
3
2023
medline:
28
3
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
During the 2020/2021 winter, the labour market was under the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Changes in socioeconomic resources during this period could have influenced individual mental health. This association may have been mitigated or exacerbated by subjective risk perceptions, such as perceived risk of getting infected with SARS-CoV-2 or perception of the national economic situation. Therefore, we aimed to determine if changes in financial resources and employment situation during and after the second COVID-19 wave were prospectively associated with depression, anxiety and stress, and whether perceptions of the national economic situation and of the risk of getting infected modified this association. One thousand seven hundred fifty nine participants from a nation-wide population-based eCohort in Switzerland were followed between November 2020 and September 2021. Financial resources and employment status were assessed twice (Nov2020-Mar2021, May-Jul 2021). Mental health was assessed after the second measurement of financial resources and employment status, using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). We modelled DASS-21 scores with linear regression, adjusting for demographics, health status, social relationships and changes in workload, and tested interactions with subjective risk perceptions. We observed scores above thresholds for normal levels for 16% (95%CI = 15-18) of participants for depression, 8% (95%CI = 7-10) for anxiety, and 10% (95%CI = 9-12) for stress. Compared to continuously comfortable or sufficient financial resources, continuously precarious or insufficient resources were associated with worse scores for all outcomes. Increased financial resources were associated with higher anxiety. In the working-age group, shifting from full to part-time employment was associated with higher stress and anxiety. Perceiving the Swiss economic situation as worrisome was associated with higher anxiety in participants who lost financial resources or had continuously precarious or insufficient resources. This study confirms the association of economic stressors and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic and highlights the exacerbating role of subjective risk perception on this association.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
During the 2020/2021 winter, the labour market was under the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Changes in socioeconomic resources during this period could have influenced individual mental health. This association may have been mitigated or exacerbated by subjective risk perceptions, such as perceived risk of getting infected with SARS-CoV-2 or perception of the national economic situation. Therefore, we aimed to determine if changes in financial resources and employment situation during and after the second COVID-19 wave were prospectively associated with depression, anxiety and stress, and whether perceptions of the national economic situation and of the risk of getting infected modified this association.
METHODS
One thousand seven hundred fifty nine participants from a nation-wide population-based eCohort in Switzerland were followed between November 2020 and September 2021. Financial resources and employment status were assessed twice (Nov2020-Mar2021, May-Jul 2021). Mental health was assessed after the second measurement of financial resources and employment status, using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). We modelled DASS-21 scores with linear regression, adjusting for demographics, health status, social relationships and changes in workload, and tested interactions with subjective risk perceptions.
RESULTS
We observed scores above thresholds for normal levels for 16% (95%CI = 15-18) of participants for depression, 8% (95%CI = 7-10) for anxiety, and 10% (95%CI = 9-12) for stress. Compared to continuously comfortable or sufficient financial resources, continuously precarious or insufficient resources were associated with worse scores for all outcomes. Increased financial resources were associated with higher anxiety. In the working-age group, shifting from full to part-time employment was associated with higher stress and anxiety. Perceiving the Swiss economic situation as worrisome was associated with higher anxiety in participants who lost financial resources or had continuously precarious or insufficient resources.
CONCLUSION
This study confirms the association of economic stressors and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic and highlights the exacerbating role of subjective risk perception on this association.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36959642
doi: 10.1186/s12939-023-01853-2
pii: 10.1186/s12939-023-01853-2
pmc: PMC10035489
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
51Investigateurs
Antonio Amendola
(A)
Alexia Anagnostopoulos
(A)
Daniela Anker
(D)
Anna Maria Annoni
(AM)
Hélène Aschmann
(H)
Andrew Azman
(A)
Antoine Bal
(A)
Kleona Bezani
(K)
Annette Blattmann
(A)
Patrick Bleich
(P)
Murielle Bochud
(M)
Patrick Bodenmann
(P)
Gaëlle Bryand Rumley
(GB)
Peter Buttaroni
(P)
Audrey Butty
(A)
Anne Linda Camerini
(AL)
Arnaud Chiolero
(A)
Patricia Orializ Chocano-Bedoya
(PO)
Prune Collombet
(P)
Laurie Corna
(L)
Valérie D'Acremont
(V)
Diana Sofia Da Costa Santos
(DS)
Agathe Deschamps
(A)
Anja Domenghino
(A)
Richard Dubos
(R)
Roxane Dumont
(R)
Olivier Duperrex
(O)
Julien Dupraz
(J)
Malik Egger
(M)
Emna El-May
(E)
Nacira El Merjani
(N)
Nathalie Engler
(N)
Adina Mihaela Epure
(AM)
Lukas Erksam
(L)
Sandrine Estoppey
(S)
Marta Fadda
(M)
Vincent Faivre
(V)
Jan Fehr
(J)
Andrea Felappi
(A)
Maddalena Fiordelli
(M)
Antoine Flahault
(A)
Luc Fornerod
(L)
Cristina Fragoso Corti
(C)
Natalie Francioli
(N)
Marion Frangville
(M)
Irène Frank
(I)
Giovanni Franscella
(G)
Marco Geigges
(M)
Semira Gonseth Nusslé
(S)
Clément Graindorge
(C)
Idris Guessous
(I)
Séverine Harnal
(S)
Emilie Jendly
(E)
Ayoung Jeong
(A)
Christian R Kahlert
(CR)
Laurent Kaiser
(L)
Simone Kessler
(S)
Christine Krähenbühl
(C)
Susi Kriemler
(S)
Julien Lamour
(J)
Pierre Lescuyer
(P)
Andrea Loizeau
(A)
Chantal Luedi
(C)
Jean-Luc Magnin
(JL)
Chantal Martinez
(C)
Eric Masserey
(E)
Dominik Menges
(D)
Rosalba Morese
(R)
Nicolai Mösli
(N)
Natacha Noël
(N)
Daniel Henry Paris
(DH)
Jérôme Pasquier
(J)
Francesco Pennacchio
(F)
Stefan Pfister
(S)
Giovanni Piumatti
(G)
Géraldine Poulain
(G)
Caroline Pugin
(C)
Milo Puhan
(M)
Nick Pullen
(N)
Thomas Radtke
(T)
Manuela Rasi
(M)
Aude Richard
(A)
Viviane Richard
(V)
Claude-François Robert
(CF)
Pierre-Yves Rodondi
(PY)
Serena Sabatini
(S)
Khadija Samir
(K)
Javier Sanchis Zozaya
(JS)
Virginie Schlüter
(V)
Alexia Schmid
(A)
Maria Schüpbach
(M)
Nathalie Schwab
(N)
Claire Semaani
(C)
Alexandre Speierer
(A)
Amélie Steiner-Dubuis
(A)
Stéphanie Testini
(S)
Julien Thabard
(J)
Mauro Tonolla
(M)
Nicolas Troillet
(N)
Agne Ulyte
(A)
Sophie Vassaux
(S)
Thomas Vermes
(T)
Jennifer Villers
(J)
Rylana Wenger
(R)
Erin West
(E)
Ania Wisniak
(A)
María-Eugenia Zaballa
(ME)
Kyra Zens
(K)
Claire Zuppinger
(C)
Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s).
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