The Influence of Birth Cohorts on Future Cognitive Decline.
Aging
birth cohorts
cognitive decline
cognitive reserve
generations
neuropsychology
Journal
Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD
ISSN: 1875-8908
Titre abrégé: J Alzheimers Dis
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 9814863
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2023
2023
Historique:
medline:
9
5
2023
pubmed:
28
3
2023
entrez:
27
3
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Slowed rates of cognitive decline have been reported in individuals with higher cognitive reserve (CR), but interindividual discrepancies remain unexplained. Few studies have reported a birth cohort effect, favoring later-born individuals, but these studies remain scarce. We aimed to predict cognitive decline in older adults using birth cohorts and CR. Within the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, 1,041 dementia-free participants were assessed on four cognitive domains (verbal episodic memory; language and semantic memory; attention; executive functions) at each follow-up visit up to 14 years. Four birth cohorts were formed according to the major historical events of the 20th century (1916-1928; 1929-1938; 1939-1945; 1946-1962). CR was operationalized by merging education, complexity of occupation, and verbal IQ. We used linear mixed-effect models to evaluate the effects of CR and birth cohorts on rate of performance change over time. Age at baseline, baseline structural brain health (total brain and total white matter hyperintensities volumes), and baseline vascular risk factors burden were used as covariates. CR was only associated with slower decline in verbal episodic memory. However, more recent birth cohorts predicted slower annual cognitive decline in all domains, except for executive functions. This effect increased as the birth cohort became more recent. We found that both CR and birth cohorts influence future cognitive decline, which has strong public policy implications.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Slowed rates of cognitive decline have been reported in individuals with higher cognitive reserve (CR), but interindividual discrepancies remain unexplained. Few studies have reported a birth cohort effect, favoring later-born individuals, but these studies remain scarce.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to predict cognitive decline in older adults using birth cohorts and CR.
METHODS
Within the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, 1,041 dementia-free participants were assessed on four cognitive domains (verbal episodic memory; language and semantic memory; attention; executive functions) at each follow-up visit up to 14 years. Four birth cohorts were formed according to the major historical events of the 20th century (1916-1928; 1929-1938; 1939-1945; 1946-1962). CR was operationalized by merging education, complexity of occupation, and verbal IQ. We used linear mixed-effect models to evaluate the effects of CR and birth cohorts on rate of performance change over time. Age at baseline, baseline structural brain health (total brain and total white matter hyperintensities volumes), and baseline vascular risk factors burden were used as covariates.
RESULTS
CR was only associated with slower decline in verbal episodic memory. However, more recent birth cohorts predicted slower annual cognitive decline in all domains, except for executive functions. This effect increased as the birth cohort became more recent.
CONCLUSION
We found that both CR and birth cohorts influence future cognitive decline, which has strong public policy implications.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36970893
pii: JAD220951
doi: 10.3233/JAD-220951
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
179-191Subventions
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : U01 AG024904
Pays : United States