Nanovaccine Displaying Immunodominant T Cell Epitopes of Fibroblast Activation Protein Is Effective Against Desmoplastic Tumors.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which are dominant cell types in the tumor microenvironment (TME), support tumor growth by secreting cytokines and forming an extracellular matrix (ECM) that hampers the penetration of chemical and biological therapeutics within the tumor and thereby limits their therapeutic efficacy. Here, we report a cancer nanovaccine targeting fibroblast activation protein α (FAP)-expressing CAFs as a potential pan-tumor vaccine. We predicted immunodominant FAP-specific epitope peptides