Time to think prime times for treatment of necrotizing pancreatitis: Pendulum conundrum.
acute necrotizing pancreatitis
drainage
endoscopic ultrasound
necrosectomy
pancreatic fluid collection
Journal
Digestive endoscopy : official journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society
ISSN: 1443-1661
Titre abrégé: Dig Endosc
Pays: Australia
ID NLM: 9101419
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Sep 2023
Sep 2023
Historique:
received:
10
02
2023
accepted:
16
05
2023
medline:
11
9
2023
pubmed:
20
5
2023
entrez:
20
5
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) typically develop as local complications of acute pancreatitis and complicate the clinical course of patients with acute pancreatitis and potentially fatal clinical outcomes. Interventions are required in cases of symptomatic walled-off necrosis (WON) (matured PFCs with necrosis) and pancreatic pseudocysts (matured PFCs without necrosis). In the management of necrotizing pancreatitis and WON, endoscopic ultrasound-guided transluminal drainage combined with on-demand endoscopic necrosectomy (i.e. the step-up approach) is increasingly used as a less invasive treatment modality compared with a surgical or percutaneous approach. Through the substantial research efforts and development of specific devices and stents (e.g. lumen-apposing metal stents), endoscopic techniques of PFC management have been standardized to some extent. However, there has been no consensus about timing of carrying out each treatment step; for instance, it is uncertain when direct endoscopic necrosectomy should be initiated and finished and when a plastic or metal stent should be removed following clinical treatment success. Despite emerging evidence for the effectiveness of noninterventional supportive treatment (e.g. antibiotics, nutritional support, irrigation of the cavity), there has been only limited data on the timing of starting and stopping the treatment. Large studies are required to optimize the timing of those treatment options and improve clinical outcomes of patients with PFCs. In this review, we summarize the current available evidence on the indications and timing of interventional and supportive treatment modalities for this patient population and discussed clinical unmet needs that should be addressed in future research.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
700-710Subventions
Organisme : Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
ID : JP19K08362
Organisme : Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
ID : JP22H02841
Organisme : Japanese Foundation for Research and Promotion of Endoscopy
Organisme : Takeda Science Foundation
Investigateurs
Ryota Nakano
(R)
Shogo Ota
(S)
Kensaku Yoshida
(K)
Ryuichi Tezuka
(R)
Senju Akihiko
(S)
Shinya Uemura
(S)
Mitsuru Okuno
(M)
Yuhei Iwasa
(Y)
Shunsuke Omoto
(S)
Masahiro Tsujimae
(M)
Arata Sakai
(A)
Keito Nakagawa
(K)
Nobuhiko Hayashi
(N)
Toshio Fujisawa
(T)
Sho Takahashi
(S)
Informations de copyright
© 2023 The Authors. Digestive Endoscopy published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society.
Références
Peery AF, Crockett SD, Murphy CC et al. Burden and cost of gastrointestinal, liver, and pancreatic diseases in the United States: Update 2021. Gastroenterology 2022; 162: 621-44.
Banks PA, Bollen TL, Dervenis C et al. Classification of acute pancreatitis-2012: Revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus. Gut 2013; 62: 102-11.
Chang YC. Is necrosectomy obsolete for infected necrotizing pancreatitis? Is a paradigm shift needed? World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20: 16925-34.
Moynihan B. Acute pancreatitis. Ann Surg 1925; 81: 132-42.
Isayama H, Nakai Y, Rerknimitr R et al. Asian consensus statements on endoscopic management of walled-off necrosis. Part 2: Endoscopic management. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 31: 1555-65.
Guo J, Saftoiu A, Vilmann P et al. A multi-institutional consensus on how to perform endoscopic ultrasound-guided peri-pancreatic fluid collection drainage and endoscopic necrosectomy. Endosc Ultrasound 2017; 6: 285-91.
Chantarojanasiri T, Ratanachu-Ek T, Isayama H. When should we perform endoscopic drainage and necrosectomy for walled-off necrosis? J Clin Med 2020; 9: 4072.
Bang JY, Wilcox CM, Arnoletti JP et al. Validation of the Orlando protocol for endoscopic management of pancreatic fluid collections in the era of lumen-apposing metal stents. Dig Endosc 2022; 34: 612-21.
Iwashita T, Iwata K, Hamada T et al. Supportive treatment during the periprocedural period of endoscopic treatment for pancreatic fluid collections: A critical review of current knowledge and future perspectives. J Gastroenterol 2022; 58: 98-111.
Baron TH, DiMaio CJ, Wang AY, Morgan KA. American Gastroenterological Association clinical practice update: Management of pancreatic necrosis. Gastroenterology 2020; 158: 67-75.e1.
Beger HG, Bittner R, Block S, Büchler M. Bacterial contamination of pancreatic necrosis. A prospective clinical study. Gastroenterology 1986; 91: 433-8.
Oblizajek N, Takahashi N, Agayeva S et al. Outcomes of early endoscopic intervention for pancreatic necrotic collections: A matched case-control study. Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 91: 1303-9.
van Santvoort HC, Bakker OJ, Bollen TL et al. A conservative and minimally invasive approach to necrotizing pancreatitis improves outcome. Gastroenterology 2011; 141: 1254-63.
van Grinsven J, Timmerman P, van Lienden KP et al. Proactive versus standard percutaneous catheter drainage for infected necrotizing pancreatitis. Pancreas 2017; 46: 518-23.
Boxhoorn L, van Dijk SM, van Grinsven J et al. Immediate versus postponed intervention for infected necrotizing pancreatitis. N Engl J Med 2021; 385: 1372-81.
Chantarojanasiri T, Yamamoto N, Nakai Y et al. Comparison of early and delayed EUS-guided drainage of pancreatic fluid collection. Endosc Int Open 2018; 6: E1398-405.
Khan S, Chandran S, Chin J et al. Drainage of pancreatic fluid collections using a lumen-apposing metal stent with an electrocautery-enhanced delivery system. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36: 3395-401.
Rana SS, Sharma R, Kishore K, Dhalaria L, Gupta R. Safety and efficacy of early (<4 weeks of illness) endoscopic transmural drainage of post-acute pancreatic necrosis predominantly located in the body of the pancreas. J Gastrointest Surg 2021; 25: 2328-35.
Jagielski M, Piątkowski J, Jackowski M. Early endoscopic treatment of symptomatic pancreatic necrotic collections. Sci Rep 2022; 12: 308.
Nakai Y, Shiomi H, Hamada T et al. Early versus delayed interventions for necrotizing pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. DEN Open 2023; 3: e171.
Gao L, Zhang H, Li G et al. The clinical outcome from early versus delayed minimally invasive intervention for infected pancreatic necrosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol 2022; 57: 397-406.
Ramai D, Enofe I, Deliwala SS et al. Early (<4 weeks) versus standard (≥4 weeks) endoscopic drainage of pancreatic walled-off fluid collections: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc 2023; 97: 415-21.
Trikudanathan G, Tawfik P, Amateau SK et al. Early (<4 weeks) versus standard (≥4 weeks) endoscopically centered step-up interventions for necrotizing pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2018; 113: 1550-8.
Jagielski M, Smoczyński M, Studniarek M, Adrych K. Spontaneous regression of asymptomatic walled-off pancreatic necrosis. Arch Med Sci 2019; 15: 1278-87.
Rana SS, Sharma RK, Gupta P, Gupta R. Natural course of asymptomatic walled off pancreatic necrosis. Dig Liver Dis 2019; 51: 730-4.
Boxhoorn L, Fritzsche JA, Fockens P et al. Clinical outcome of endoscopic treatment for symptomatic sterile walled-off necrosis. Endoscopy 2021; 53: 136-44.
Sato T, Yasuda I, Nakai Y. The second shot to walled-off necrosis: The sooner the better versus sooner or later. DEN Open 2023; 3: e182.
Yan L, Dargan A, Nieto J et al. Direct endoscopic necrosectomy at the time of transmural stent placement results in earlier resolution of complex walled-off pancreatic necrosis: Results from a large multicenter United States trial. Endosc Ultrasound 2019; 8: 172-9.
Pawa R, Dorrell R, Clark C, Russell G, Gilliam J, Pawa S. Delayed endoscopic necrosectomy improves hospital length of stay and reduces endoscopic interventions in patients with symptomatic walled-off necrosis. DEN Open 2023; 3: e162.
Chandrasekhara V, Elhanafi S, Storm AC et al. Predicting the need for step-up therapy after EUS-guided drainage of pancreatic fluid collections with lumen-apposing metal stents. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 19: 2192-8.
Tsujimae M, Shiomi H, Sakai A et al. Computed tomography imaging-based predictors of the need for a step-up approach after initial endoscopic ultrasound-guided transmural drainage for pancreatic fluid collections. Surg Endosc 2023; 37: 1096-106.
Siddiqui AA, Kowalski TE, Loren DE et al. Fully covered self-expanding metal stents versus lumen-apposing fully covered self-expanding metal stent versus plastic stents for endoscopic drainage of pancreatic walled-off necrosis: Clinical outcomes and success. Gastrointest Endosc 2017; 85: 758-65.
Mallick B, Dhaka N, Gupta P et al. An audit of percutaneous drainage for acute necrotic collections and walled off necrosis in patients with acute pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2018; 18: 727-33.
Bang JY, Navaneethan U, Hasan MK, Sutton B, Hawes R, Varadarajulu S. Non-superiority of lumen-apposing metal stents over plastic stents for drainage of walled-off necrosis in a randomised trial. Gut 2019; 68: 1200-9.
Abu Dayyeh BK, Chandrasekhara V, Shah RJ et al. Combined drainage and protocolized necrosectomy through a co-axial lumen-apposing metal stent for pancreatic walled-off necrosis: A prospective multicenter trial. Ann Surg Published online: 2 Nov 2021; DOI: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000005274.
Maharshi S, Sharma SS, Ratra S, Sapra B, Sharma D. Management of walled-off necrosis with nasocystic irrigation with hydrogen peroxide versus biflanged metal stent: Randomized controlled trial. Endosc Int Open 2021; 9: E1108-15.
Siddiqui A, Naveed M, Basha J et al. International, multicenter retrospective trial comparing the efficacy and safety of bi-flanged versus lumen-apposing metal stents for endoscopic drainage of walled-off pancreatic necrosis. Ann Gastroenterol 2021; 34: 273-81.
Chavan R, Nabi Z, Lakhtakia S et al. Impact of transmural plastic stent on recurrence of pancreatic fluid collection after metal stent removal in disconnected pancreatic duct: A randomized controlled trial. Endoscopy 2022; 54: 861-8.
Bang JY, Hawes RH, Varadarajulu S. Lumen-apposing metal stent placement for drainage of pancreatic fluid collections: Predictors of adverse events. Gut 2020; 69: 1379-81.
Ahmad W, Fehmi SA, Savides TJ, Anand G, Chang MA, Kwong WT. Protocol of early lumen apposing metal stent removal for pseudocysts and walled off necrosis avoids bleeding complications. Scand J Gastroenterol 2020; 55: 242-7.
Nayar M, Leeds JS, Oppong K. Lumen-apposing metal stents for drainage of pancreatic fluid collections: Does timing of removal matter? Gut 2022; 71: 850-3.
Hamada T, Iwashita T, Saito T et al. Disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome and outcomes of endoscopic ultrasound-guided treatment of pancreatic fluid collections: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Dig Endosc 2022; 34: 676-86.
Bang JY, Wilcox CM, Navaneethan U et al. Impact of disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome on the endoscopic management of pancreatic fluid collections. Ann Surg 2018; 267: 561-8.
Téllez-Aviña FI, Casasola-Sánchez LE, Ramírez-Luna M et al. Permanent indwelling transmural stents for endoscopic treatment of patients with disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome: Long-term results. J Clin Gastroenterol 2018; 52: 85-90.
Bang JY, Mel Wilcox C, Arnoletti JP, Varadarajulu S. Importance of disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome in recurrence of pancreatic fluid collections initially drained using lumen-apposing metal stents. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 19: 1275-81.e2.
Yamauchi H, Iwai T, Kida M et al. Complications of long-term indwelling transmural double pigtail stent placement for symptomatic peripancreatic fluid collections. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64: 1976-84.
Siddiqui AA, DeWitt JM, Strongin A et al. Outcomes of eus-guided drainage of debris-containing pancreatic pseudocysts by using combined endoprosthesis and a nasocystic drain. Gastrointest Endosc 2013; 78: 589-95.
Siddiqui AA, Adler DG, Nieto J et al. EUS-guided drainage of peripancreatic fluid collections and necrosis by using a novel lumen-apposing stent: A large retrospective, multicenter U.S. experience (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc 2016; 83: 699-707.
Tamura T, Itonaga M, Tanioka K et al. Radical treatment for walled-off necrosis: Transmural nasocyst continuous irrigation. Dig Endosc 2019; 31: 307-15.
Günay S, Paköz B, Çekiç C et al. Evaluation of hydrogen peroxide-assisted endoscopic ultrasonography-guided necrosectomy in walled-off pancreatic necrosis: A single-center experience. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100: e23175.
Messallam AA, Adler DG, Shah RJ et al. Direct endoscopic necrosectomy with and without hydrogen peroxide for walled-off pancreatic necrosis: A multicenter comparative study. Am J Gastroenterol 2021; 116: 700-9.
Bhargava MV, Rana SS, Gorsi U, Kang M, Gupta R. Assessing the efficacy and outcomes following irrigation with streptokinase versus hydrogen peroxide in necrotizing pancreatitis: A randomized pilot study. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67: 4146-53.
Kozarek R, Hovde O, Attia F, France R. Do pancreatic duct stents cause or prevent pancreatic sepsis? Gastrointest Endosc 2003; 58: 505-9.
Karjula H, Schmidt PN, Makela J, Liisanantti JH, Ohtonen P, Saarela A. Prophylactic pancreatic duct stenting in severe acute necrotizing pancreatitis: A prospective randomized study. Endoscopy 2019; 51: 1027-34.
Hollemans RA, Bakker OJ, Boermeester MA et al. Superiority of step-up approach vs open necrosectomy in long-term follow-up of patients with necrotizing pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 2019; 156: 1016-26.
Onnekink AM, Boxhoorn L, Timmerhuis HC et al. Endoscopic versus surgical step-up approach for infected necrotizing pancreatitis (extension): Long-term follow-up of a randomized trial. Gastroenterology 2022; 163: 712-22.e14.
Sadr-Azodi O, Oskarsson V, Discacciati A, Videhult P, Askling J, Ekbom A. Pancreatic cancer following acute pancreatitis: A population-based matched cohort study. Am J Gastroenterol 2018; 113: 1711-9.
Munigala S, Almaskeen S, Subramaniam DS et al. Acute pancreatitis recurrences augment long-term pancreatic cancer risk. Am J Gastroenterol 2023; 118: 727-37.
Yasuda I, Takahashi K. Endoscopic management of walled-off pancreatic necrosis. Dig Endosc 2021; 33: 335-41.
Besselink MG, van Santvoort HC, Boermeester MA et al. Timing and impact of infections in acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 2009; 96: 267-73.
Lu JD, Cao F, Ding YX, Wu YD, Guo YL, Li F. Timing, distribution, and microbiology of infectious complications after necrotizing pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25: 5162-73.
Villatoro E, Mulla M, Larvin M. Antibiotic therapy for prophylaxis against infection of pancreatic necrosis in acute pancreatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; 5: CD002941.
Ukai T, Shikata S, Inoue M et al. Early prophylactic antibiotics administration for acute necrotizing pancreatitis: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 2015; 22: 316-21.
Arvanitakis M, Dumonceau JM, Albert J et al. Endoscopic management of acute necrotizing pancreatitis: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) evidence-based multidisciplinary guidelines. Endoscopy 2018; 50: 524-46.
Siriwardena AK, Jegatheeswaran S, Mason JM. A procalcitonin-based algorithm to guide antibiotic use in patients with acute pancreatitis (PROCAP): A single-centre, patient-blinded, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 7: 913-21.
Rau B, Pralle U, Mayer JM, Beger HG. Role of ultrasonographically guided fine-needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of infected pancreatic necrosis. Br J Surg 1998; 85: 179-84.
Rodriguez JR, Razo AO, Targarona J et al. Debridement and closed packing for sterile or infected necrotizing pancreatitis: Insights into indications and outcomes in 167 patients. Ann Surg 2008; 247: 294-9.
van Baal MC, Bollen TL, Bakker OJ et al. The role of routine fine-needle aspiration in the diagnosis of infected necrotizing pancreatitis. Surgery 2014; 155: 442-8.
van Grinsven J, van Brunschot S, Bakker OJ et al. Diagnostic strategy and timing of intervention in infected necrotizing pancreatitis: An international expert survey and case vignette study. HPB (Oxford) 2016; 18: 49-56.
Tenner S, Baillie J, DeWitt J, Vege SS. American College of Gastroenterology guideline: Management of acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2013; 108: 1400-15; 16.
Lin C, Bonsu A, Li J et al. Application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing for suspected infected pancreatic necrosis. Pancreatology 2022; 22: 864-70.
Singh RR, Mitchell W, David Y et al. Pancreatic fungal infection in patients with necrotizing pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2021; 55: 218-26.
Werge M, Roug S, Novovic S, Schmidt PN, Hansen EF, Knudsen JD. Fungal infections in patients with walled-off pancreatic necrosis. Pancreas 2016; 45: 1447-51.
Al-Omran M, Albalawi ZH, Tashkandi MF, Al-Ansary LA. Enteral versus parenteral nutrition for acute pancreatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; 1: CD002837.
Petrov MS, Pylypchuk RD, Uchugina AF. A systematic review on the timing of artificial nutrition in acute pancreatitis. Br J Nutr 2009; 101: 787-93.
Bakker OJ, van Brunschot S, van Santvoort HC et al. Early versus on-demand nasoenteric tube feeding in acute pancreatitis. N Engl J Med 2014; 371: 1983-93.
Nakashima I, Horibe M, Sanui M et al. Impact of enteral nutrition within 24 hours versus between 24 and 48 hours in patients with severe acute pancreatitis: A multicenter retrospective study. Pancreas 2021; 50: 371-7.
Oláh A, Belágyi T, Issekutz A, Gamal ME, Bengmark S. Randomized clinical trial of specific lactobacillus and fibre supplement to early enteral nutrition in patients with acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 2002; 89: 1103-7.
Besselink MG, van Santvoort HC, Buskens E et al. Probiotic prophylaxis in predicted severe acute pancreatitis: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2008; 371: 651-9.
Besselink MG, van Santvoort HC, Renooij W et al. Intestinal barrier dysfunction in a randomized trial of a specific probiotic composition in acute pancreatitis. Ann Surg 2009; 250: 712-9.
Bongaerts GP, Severijnen RS. A reassessment of the PROPATRIA study and its implications for probiotic therapy. Nat Biotechnol 2016; 34: 55-63.
Inamura K, Hamada T, Bullman S, Ugai T, Yachida S, Ogino S. Cancer as microenvironmental, systemic and environmental diseases: Opportunity for transdisciplinary microbiomics science. Gut Published online: 12 Jul 2022; DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327209.
Cho IR, Chung MJ, Jo JH et al. A novel lumen-apposing metal stent with an anti-reflux valve for endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of pseudocysts and walled-off necrosis: A pilot study. PLoS One 2019; 14: e0221812.
Macke L, Schulz C, Koletzko L, Malfertheiner P. Systematic review: The effects of proton pump inhibitors on the microbiome of the digestive tract - evidence from next-generation sequencing studies. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2020; 51: 505-26.
Min YW, Kang D, Shin JY et al. Use of proton pump inhibitors and the risk of cholangitis: A nationwide cohort study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2019; 50: 760-8.
Hakuta R, Nakai Y, Hamada T et al. Use of proton pump inhibitors and cholangitis complicated with multi-drug resistant bacteria. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 2022; 29: 230-8.
Sbeit W, Abukaes H, Said Ahmad H et al. The possible association of proton pump inhibitor use with acute cholangitis in patients with choledocholithiasis: A multi-center study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2022; 58: 1-5.
Hakuta R, Nakai Y, Oyama H et al. Increased risk of biliary infection after biliary stent placement in users of proton pump inhibitors. DEN Open 2023; 3: e129.
Ma X, Huang L, Huang Z et al. The impacts of acid suppression on duodenal microbiota during the early phase of severe acute pancreatitis. Sci Rep 2020; 10: 20063.
Powers PC, Siddiqui A, Sharaiha RZ et al. Discontinuation of proton pump inhibitor use reduces the number of endoscopic procedures required for resolution of walled-off pancreatic necrosis. Endosc Ultrasound 2019; 8: 194-8.