Queer(ing) medical spaces: queer theory as a framework for transformative social change in anesthesiology and critical care medicine.
La ‘queer-icisation’ des espaces médicaux, ou la théorie queer comme cadre pour des changements sociaux transformateurs en anesthésiologie et en médecine des soins intensifs.
2SLGBTQIA+
anesthesiology
cis-heteronormativity
critical care medicine
medical gaze
queer theory
Journal
Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie
ISSN: 1496-8975
Titre abrégé: Can J Anaesth
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8701709
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
06 2023
06 2023
Historique:
received:
03
04
2022
accepted:
15
09
2022
revised:
02
08
2022
medline:
13
7
2023
pubmed:
23
5
2023
entrez:
22
5
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Queer theory is a disruptive lens that can be adopted by researchers, educators, clinicians, and administrators to effect transformative social change. It offers opportunities for anesthesiologists, critical care physicians, and medical practitioners to more broadly understand what it means to think queerly and how queering anesthesiology and critical care medicine spaces improves workplace culture and patient outcomes. This article grapples with the cis-heteronormative medical gaze and queer people's apprehensions of violence in medical settings to offer new ways of thinking about structural changes needed in medicine, medical language, and the dehumanizing application of medical modes of care. Using a series of clinical vignettes, this article outlines the historical context underlying queer peoples' distrust of medicine, a primer in queer theory, and an understanding of how to begin to "queer" medical spaces using this critical framework. RéSUMé: La théorie queer est une lentille perturbatrice qui peut être adoptée par la communauté de la recherche et de l'éducation, les personnes en clinique et les directions d'établissement pour apporter des changements sociaux transformateurs. Elle offre aux anesthésiologistes, aux intensivistes et aux médecins l’occasion de comprendre plus globalement ce que signifie le fait de penser de manière queer et comment la ‘queer-icisation’ des espaces d’anesthésiologie et de médecine de soins intensifs améliore la culture du milieu de travail et les devenirs des patient·es. Cet article s’attaque au regard médical cis- et hétéronormatif et aux appréhensions des personnes queer face à la violence dans les milieux médicaux afin de proposer de nouvelles façons de penser les changements structurels nécessaires en médecine, le langage médical et l’application déshumanisante des modes de soins médicaux. À l’aide d’une série de vignettes cliniques, cet article décrit le contexte historique sous-jacent à la méfiance des personnes queer à l’égard du monde médical. Il propose également une introduction à la théorie queer et une interprétation de la façon de commencer à rendre plus queer les espaces médicaux en utilisant ce cadre critique.
Autres résumés
Type: Publisher
(fre)
RéSUMé: La théorie queer est une lentille perturbatrice qui peut être adoptée par la communauté de la recherche et de l'éducation, les personnes en clinique et les directions d'établissement pour apporter des changements sociaux transformateurs. Elle offre aux anesthésiologistes, aux intensivistes et aux médecins l’occasion de comprendre plus globalement ce que signifie le fait de penser de manière queer et comment la ‘queer-icisation’ des espaces d’anesthésiologie et de médecine de soins intensifs améliore la culture du milieu de travail et les devenirs des patient·es. Cet article s’attaque au regard médical cis- et hétéronormatif et aux appréhensions des personnes queer face à la violence dans les milieux médicaux afin de proposer de nouvelles façons de penser les changements structurels nécessaires en médecine, le langage médical et l’application déshumanisante des modes de soins médicaux. À l’aide d’une série de vignettes cliniques, cet article décrit le contexte historique sous-jacent à la méfiance des personnes queer à l’égard du monde médical. Il propose également une introduction à la théorie queer et une interprétation de la façon de commencer à rendre plus queer les espaces médicaux en utilisant ce cadre critique.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37217735
doi: 10.1007/s12630-023-02449-8
pii: 10.1007/s12630-023-02449-8
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
950-962Informations de copyright
© 2023. Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society.
Références
Schlossberg L. Introduction: rites of passing. In: Sánchez AC, Schlossberg L (Eds.). Passing: Identity and Interpretation in Sexuality, Race, and Religion. New York: New York University Press; 2001: 1–12.
Bieber I. Homosexuality: A Psychoanalytic Study. Northvale: Aronson; 1968.
Halperin D. The normalization of queer theory. J Homosex 2003; 45: 339–43. https://doi.org/10.1300/j082v45n02_17
doi: 10.1300/j082v45n02_17
pubmed: 14651188
Driskill QL, Finley C, Billey BJ, Morgensen SL. Queer Indigenous Studies: Critical Interventions in Theory, Politics, and Literature. Tucson: University of Arizona Press; 2011.
Casey B. The health of LGBTQIA2 communities in Canada: report of the Standing Committee on Health, 2019. Available from URL: https://www.ourcommons.ca/Content/Committee/421/HESA/Reports/RP10574595/hesarp28/hesarp28-e.pdf (accessed September 2022).
Tjepkema M. Health care use among gay, lesbian and bisexual Canadians. Health Rep 2008; 19: 53–64.
pubmed: 18457211
Schreiber M, Ahmad T, Scott M, Imrie K, Razack S. The case for a Canadian standard for 2SLGBTQIA+ medical education. CMAJ 2021; 193: E562–5. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.202642
doi: 10.1503/cmaj.202642
pubmed: 33875462
pmcid: 8084556
Foucault M. The History of Sexuality: Volume 1: An Introduction. New York: Pantheon Books; 1984.
Nicholson L. Interpreting Gender. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1995.
Foucault M. The Birth of the Clinic: An Archaeology of Medical Perception. New York: Vintage Books; 1994.
Cremonesi L, Irrera O, Lorenzini D, Tazzioli M. Foucault and the Making of Subjects. London,: Rowman & Littlefield; 2016.
Lev AI. Gender dysphoria: two steps forward, one step back. Clin Soc Work J 2013; 41: 288–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-013-0447-0
doi: 10.1007/s10615-013-0447-0
Drucker DJ. Marking sexuality from 0-6: the Kinsey Scale in online culture. Sex Cult 2012; 16: 233–4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-011-9122-1
doi: 10.1007/s12119-011-9122-1
Good MJ, Good BJ. Disabling practitioners: hazards of learning to be a doctor in American medical education. Am J Orthopsychiatry 1989; 59: 303–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.1989.tb01663.x
doi: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.1989.tb01663.x
pubmed: 2712161
Robertson WJ. The irrelevance narrative: queer (in)visibility in medical education and practice. Med Anthropol Q 2017; 31: 159–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/maq.12289
doi: 10.1111/maq.12289
pubmed: 26990123
Hafferty FW. Beyond curriculum reform: confronting medicine's hidden curriculum. Acad Med 1998; 73: 403–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-199804000-00013
doi: 10.1097/00001888-199804000-00013
pubmed: 9580717
Peel JK, Flexman AM, Cygler J, Kirkham KR, Lorello GR. Standing out or fitting in: a latent projective content analysis of discrimination of women and 2SLGBTQ+ anesthesiologists and providers. J Clin Anesth 2022; 80: 110884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinane.2022.110884
Snorton CR. Black on Both Sides: A Racial History of Trans Identity. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press; 2017.
doi: 10.5749/j.ctt1pwt7dz
Suzanne K, Parameswaran G, Schniedewind N. Women: Images and Realities, A Multicultural Anthology, 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2012.
Grace D, Gaspar M, Klassen B, et al. It's in me to give: Canadian gay, bisexual, and queer men's willingness to donate blood if eligible despite feelings of policy discrimination. Qual Health Res 2020; 30: 2234–47. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732320952314
doi: 10.1177/1049732320952314
pubmed: 32887538
pmcid: 7649935
Grace D, Gaspar M, Lessard D, et al. Gay and bisexual men's views on reforming blood donation policy in Canada: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2019; 19: 772. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7123-4
doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7123-4
pubmed: 31208391
pmcid: 6580549
Ward J. Not Gay: Sex Between Straight White Men. New York: New York University Press; 2015.
Turban JL. Medical training in the closet. N Engl J Med 2019; 381: 1305–7. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmp1905829
doi: 10.1056/nejmp1905829
pubmed: 31577873
pmcid: 7935459
Peel JK, Flexman AM, Kirkham KR, Lorello GR. Gender and sexuality-based discrimination in anesthesiology within Canada: a prospective, cross-sectional survey. Can J Anesth 2021; 68: 1263–5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-021-01997-1
doi: 10.1007/s12630-021-01997-1
pubmed: 33890238
Eliason MJ, Dibble SL, Robertson PA. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) physicians' experiences in the workplace. J Homosex 2011; 58: 1355–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2011.614902
doi: 10.1080/00918369.2011.614902
pubmed: 22029561
Samuels EA, Boatright DH, Wong AH, et al. Association between sexual orientation, mistreatment, and burnout among US medical students. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4: e2036136. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.36136
Heiderscheit EA, Schlick CJ, Ellis RJ, et al. Experiences of LGBTQ+ residents in US general surgery training programs. JAMA Surg 2022; 157: 23–32. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2021.5246
doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2021.5246
pubmed: 34668969
Tsai MH, Balla A, Tharp WG. Intraoperative considerations for transgender patients. Anesth Analg 2018; 127: e109. https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000003814
Tollinche LE, Walters CB, Radix A, et al. The perioperative care of the transgender patient. Anesth Analg 2018; 127: 359–66. https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000003371
doi: 10.1213/ane.0000000000003371
pmcid: 6054537
Donald CA, DasGupta S, Metzl JM, Eckstrand KL. Queer frontiers in medicine: a structural competency approach. Acad Med 2017; 92: 345–50. https://doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000001533
doi: 10.1097/acm.0000000000001533
pubmed: 28225731
Karb R, McNamara S. Queering the ED: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Queer Health in Emergency Medicine. New York: Springer; 2021.
Streed CG Jr, Hedian HF, Bertram A, Sisson SD. Assessment of internal medicine resident preparedness to care for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning patients. J Gen Intern Med 2019; 34: 893–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-019-04855-5
doi: 10.1007/s11606-019-04855-5
pubmed: 30847829
pmcid: 6544682
Ziegler E, Valaitis R, Carter N, Risdon C, Yost J. Primary care for transgender individuals: a review of the literature reflecting a Canadian perspective. SAGE Open 2020; 10: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020962824
doi: 10.1177/2158244020962824
Dickinson T. ‘Curing Queers’: Mental Nurses and Their Patients, 1935–74. Manchester: Manchester University Press; 2016.
Kinsman G, Gentile P. The Canadian War on Queers: National Security as Sexual Regulation. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2010.
Orr CE. Exorcising Intersex and Cripping Compulsory Dyadism. Ottawa: University of Ottawa; 2018.
Shelly C. Transpeople: Repudiation, Trauma, Healing. Toronto: University of Toronto Press; 2008.
doi: 10.3138/9781442689503
Hrynyk N. “No sorrow, no pity”: intersections of disability, HIV/AIDS, and gay male masculinity in the 1980s. Disabil Stud Q 2021; 41. https://doi.org/10.18061/dsq.v41i2.7148
Ahmed S. Queer fragility, 2016. Available from URL: https://feministkilljoys.com/2016/04/21/queer-fragility/ (accessed September 2022).
Willging C, Gunderson L, Shattuck D, Sturm R, Lawyer A, Crandall C. Structural competency in emergency medicine services for transgender and gender non-conforming patients. Soc Sci Med 2019; 222: 67–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.12.031
doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.12.031
pubmed: 30605801
Baril A, Sansfaçon AP, Gelly MA. Digging beneath the surface: when disability meets gender identity. Can J Disabil Stud 2020; 9 :1–23. https://doi.org/10.15353/cjds.v9i4.666
DeKeseredy WS, Rennison CM, Hall-Sanchez AK. The Routledge International Handbook of Violence Studies. New York: Routledge; 2019.
Wozolek B. Implications of queer theory for qualitative research, 2019. Available from URL: https://oxfordre.com/education/view/ https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264093.001.0001/acrefore-9780190264093-e-735 (accessed September 2022).
De Lauretis T. Queer Theory: Lesbian and Gay Sexualities. Bloomington: Indiana University Press; 1991.
Butler J. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity, 1st ed. London: Routledge; 2011.
doi: 10.4324/9780203824979
Tavares L. Judith Butler: "Why bodies matter." Gender trouble - full conference, 2016. Available from URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IzWWwQDUPPM (accessed September 2022).
Butler J. Undoing gender. London: Psychology Press; 2004.
doi: 10.4324/9780203499627
Butler J. Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory. Theatre J 1988; 40: 519.
doi: 10.2307/3207893
Sedgwick EK. Epistemology of the closet. Berkeley: University of California Press; 1990.
Sedgwick EK. Tendencies. Durham: Duke University Press; 1993.
doi: 10.1215/9780822381860
Katz J. Gay American History: Lesbians and Gay Men in the USA: A Documentary. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell; 1976.
Levy M. Gay rights movement. Available from URL: https://www.britannica.com/topic/gay-rights-movement (accessed September 2022).
Schultz G. Daughters of Bilitis: literary genealogy and lesbian authenticity. GLQ 2001; 7: 377–89.
doi: 10.1215/10642684-7-3-377
Atkins J, Brady J. Queer theory and dietetics education: interrupting heteronormativity. J Crit Diet 2016; 3: 24–34. https://doi.org/10.32920/cd.v3i1.660
Chin M. On ‘gaymousness’ and ‘calling out’: affect, violence, and humanity in queer of colour politics. In: Haritaworn J, Moussa G, Ware SM, Rodriguez G (Eds.). Queering Urban Justice: Queer of Colour Formations in Toronto. Toronto: University of Toronto Press; 2018: 100–120.
Bost D. Evidence of Being: The Black Gay Cultural Renaissance and the Politics of Violence. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 2019.
Chávez KR. The Borders of AIDS: Race, Quarantine and Resistance. Seattle: University of Washington Press; 2021.
Jones JH. Bad Blood: The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment. New York: The Free Press; 1993.
Hoffman KM, Trawalter S, Axt JR, Oliver MN. Racial bias in pain assessment and treatment recommendations, and false beliefs about biological differences between blacks and whites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113: 4296–301. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1516047113
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1516047113
pubmed: 27044069
pmcid: 4843483
Meghani SH, Byun E, Gallagher RM. Time to take stock: a meta-analysis and systematic review of analgesic treatment disparities for pain in the United States. Pain Med 2012; 13: 150–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01310.x
doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01310.x
pubmed: 22239747
Turner WB. A Genealogy of Queer Theory. Philadelphia: Temple: University Press; 2000.
Jagose A. Queer Theory: An Introduction. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press; 1996.
Foucault M. The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences. Vintage Books; 1994.
Styra R, Hawryluck L, Mc Geer A, et al. Surviving SARS and living through COVID-19: healthcare worker mental health outcomes and insights for coping. PLoS One 2021; 16: e0258893. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258893
Azoulay E, De Waele J, Ferrer R, et al. Symptoms of burnout in intensive care unit specialists facing the COVID-19 outbreak. Ann Intensive Care 2020; 10: 110. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-020-00722-3
doi: 10.1186/s13613-020-00722-3
pubmed: 32770449
pmcid: 7414284
Siddiqui S, Tung A, Kelly L, et al. Anxiety, worry, and job satisfaction: effects of COVID-19 care on critical care anesthesiologists. Can J Anesth 2022; 69: 552–4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-022-02188-2
doi: 10.1007/s12630-022-02188-2
pubmed: 35025026
Lorello GR, Gautam M, Barned C, Peer M. Impact of the intersection of anaesthesia and gender on burnout and mental health, illustrated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Anaesthesia 2021; 76: 24–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/anae.15360
doi: 10.1111/anae.15360
pubmed: 33682104
pmcid: 8251311
Rumens N, de Souza EM, Brewis J. Queering queer theory in management and organization studies: notes toward queering heterosexuality. Organ Stud 2019; 40: 593–612. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840617748904
doi: 10.1177/0170840617748904
Ahmed S. Queer Phenomenology: Orientations, Objects, Others. Durham: Duke University Press; 2006.
doi: 10.2307/j.ctv125jk6w
Bem SL. The Lenses of Gender: Transforming the Debate on Sexual Inequality. New Haven: Yale University Press; 2008.
Pikramenou N. Intersex Rights: Living Between Sexes. Germany: Springer; 2019.
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-27554-9
Halberstam J. Trans*: A Quick and Quirky Account of Gender Variability. Oakland: University of California Press; 2018.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. SAMHSA's concept of trauma and guidance for a trauma-informed approach. Available from URL: https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/d7/priv/sma14-4884.pdf (accessed September 2022).
Hopper EK, Bassuk EL, Olivet J. Shelter from the storm: trauma-informed care in homelessness services settings. Open Health Serv Policy J 2010; 3: 80–100
Fisanick C. Fatness (In)visible: PCOS and the Rhetorics of Normative Femininity. New York: New York University Press; 2009.
Hartley C. Letting Ourselves Go: Making Room for the Fat Body in Feminist Scholarship. Los Angeles: University of California Press; 2001.
Rich AC. Compulsory heterosexuality and lesbian existence. Signs 1980; 5: 631–60. https://doi.org/10.1086/493756
doi: 10.1086/493756