A pharmacologically pre-contracted smooth muscle bowel model for the study of highly-potent opioid receptor agonists and antagonists.

Isolated organ models are a versatile tool for pharmacological and toxicological research. Small bowel has been used to assess the inhibition of smooth muscle contraction by opioids. In the present study, we set out to establish a pharmacologically stimulated rat bowel model. The effects of carfentanil, remifentanil and the new synthetic opioid U-48800 and their respective antagonists naloxone, nalmefene and naltrexone were studied in a small bowel model in rats. The IC

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Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Prof. Dr. Franz Worek is a member of the editorial board of Toxicology Letters. Conflict of interest statement The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest. The study was funded by the German Ministry of Defence. However, the design, performance, data interpretation and manuscript writing were under the control of the authors and has not been influenced by the German Ministry of Defence.