Morphology does not allow differentiating the species of the Phlebotomus perniciosus complex: Molecular characterization and investigation of their natural infection by Leishmania infantum in Morocco.
Leishmania infantum vectors
Phlebotomus perniciosus complex
diagnostic confusion
genetic lineages
sympatric populations
synapomorphic characters
Journal
Zoonoses and public health
ISSN: 1863-2378
Titre abrégé: Zoonoses Public Health
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 101300786
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
09 2023
09 2023
Historique:
revised:
18
05
2023
received:
03
02
2023
accepted:
05
06
2023
medline:
4
9
2023
pubmed:
20
6
2023
entrez:
20
6
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Morphological and DNA-based complemented approaches were applied for characterization of sympatric populations of Phlebotomus longicuspis and Phlebotomus perniciosus in Morocco. Both sand fly species are generally recorded in sympatry in North Africa but on few occasions have been molecularly characterized. The diagnostic confusion of these species has led to errors in their geographical distribution and probably, in the assignment of their role in the transmission of L. infantum. Sand flies were caught inside households in El Borouj, central Morocco, in 2014-2015. For female sand flies, detection of L. infantum natural infection and blood meal identification were carried out. According to morphological identification, Phlebotomus longicuspis s.l. (34.7%) was the second most abundant Phlebotomus species after P. sergenti, followed by atypical Phlebotomus perniciosus (7.1%); 11.6% of the male specimens of P. longicuspis s.l. were identified as P. longicuspis LCx according to the number of coxite setae. The density of Larroussius species was very high (31 Larroussius/light trap/night) in the peripheral neighbourhood of Oulad Bouchair (p = 0.001) where the first case of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum was detected in 2017. Phylogenetic trees based on three independent genes highlighted three well-supported clusters within P. perniciosus complex that could be interpreted as corresponding to P. perniciosus, P. longicuspis s.s. and an undescribed species, all coexisting in sympatry. Some females with typical morphology of P. longicuspis were genetically homologous to P. perniciosus. The taxa cannot be differentiated by morphological methods but characterized by a distinctive genetic lineage for which the synapomorphic characters are described. Leishmania infantum was detected in females of all clusters with a low parasite load. Population genetics will help to assess the threat of the geographical spread of L. infantum in Morocco by determining the density, abundance and vector role of the species of the P. perniciosus complex identified correctly.
Types de publication
Case Reports
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
555-567Informations de copyright
© 2023 The Authors. Zoonoses and Public Health published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.
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