The Evolution of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5) in Poultry in Nigeria, 2021-2022.
Animals
Humans
Poultry
Influenza in Birds
/ epidemiology
Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype
/ genetics
Influenza A Virus, H5N2 Subtype
/ genetics
Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype
/ genetics
Phylogeny
Nigeria
/ epidemiology
Pandemics
COVID-19
/ epidemiology
Birds
Influenza, Human
/ epidemiology
Poultry Diseases
/ epidemiology
H5N1/H9N2 reassortant virus
Nigeria
highly pathogenic avian influenza
Journal
Viruses
ISSN: 1999-4915
Titre abrégé: Viruses
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101509722
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
17 06 2023
17 06 2023
Historique:
received:
12
05
2023
revised:
09
06
2023
accepted:
14
06
2023
medline:
29
6
2023
pubmed:
28
6
2023
entrez:
28
6
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
In 2021, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic and global food insecurity, the Nigerian poultry sector was exposed to the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus and its economic challenges. Between 2021 and 2022, HPAI caused 467 outbreaks reported in 31 of the 37 administrative regions in Nigeria. In this study, we characterized the genomes of 97 influenza A viruses of the subtypes H5N1, H5N2, and H5N8, which were identified in different agro-ecological zones and farms during the 2021-2022 epidemic. The phylogenetic analysis of the HA genes showed a widespread distribution of the H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4b and similarity with the HPAI H5Nx viruses that have been detected in Europe since late 2020. The topology of the phylogenetic trees indicated the occurrence of several independent introductions of the virus into the country, followed by a regional evolution of the virus that was most probably linked to its persistent circulation in West African territories. Additional evidence of the evolutionary potential of the HPAI viruses circulating in this region is the identification in this study of a putative H5N1/H9N2 reassortant virus in a mixed-species commercial poultry farm. Our data confirm Nigeria as a crucial hotspot for HPAI virus introduction from the Eurasian territories and reveal a dynamic pattern of avian influenza virus evolution within the Nigerian poultry population.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37376688
pii: v15061387
doi: 10.3390/v15061387
pmc: PMC10301279
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
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