Immune regulation through tryptophan metabolism.
Journal
Experimental & molecular medicine
ISSN: 2092-6413
Titre abrégé: Exp Mol Med
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 9607880
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
07 2023
07 2023
Historique:
received:
20
01
2023
accepted:
14
04
2023
revised:
13
04
2023
medline:
3
8
2023
pubmed:
3
7
2023
entrez:
2
7
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Amino acids are fundamental units of molecular components that are essential for sustaining life; however, their metabolism is closely interconnected to the control systems of cell function. Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid catabolized by complex metabolic pathways. Several of the resulting Trp metabolites are bioactive and play central roles in physiology and pathophysiology. Additionally, various physiological functions of Trp metabolites are mutually regulated by the gut microbiota and intestine to coordinately maintain intestinal homeostasis and symbiosis under steady state conditions and during the immune response to pathogens and xenotoxins. Cancer and inflammatory diseases are associated with dysbiosis- and host-related aberrant Trp metabolism and inactivation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), which is a receptor of several Trp metabolites. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms through which Trp metabolism converges to AHR activation for the modulation of immune function and restoration of tissue homeostasis and how these processes can be targeted using therapeutic approaches for cancer and inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37394584
doi: 10.1038/s12276-023-01028-7
pii: 10.1038/s12276-023-01028-7
pmc: PMC10394086
doi:
Substances chimiques
Tryptophan
8DUH1N11BX
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1371-1379Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s).
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