Identifying Foods That Optimize Intake of Key Micronutrients During Pregnancy.
calcium
dietary reference intakes
folic acid
food intake
iron
omega-3 fatty acids
pregnancy
vitamin A
vitamin D
Journal
The Journal of nutrition
ISSN: 1541-6100
Titre abrégé: J Nutr
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0404243
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
10 2023
10 2023
Historique:
received:
25
05
2023
revised:
21
07
2023
accepted:
09
08
2023
pmc-release:
19
08
2024
medline:
23
10
2023
pubmed:
22
8
2023
entrez:
21
8
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Most pregnant women in the United States are at risk of inadequate intake of vitamin A, vitamin D, folic acid, calcium, iron, and omega-3 fatty acids from foods alone. Very few United States dietary supplements provide sufficient doses of all 6 nutrients without inducing excess intake. We aimed to identify energy-efficient foods that provide sufficient doses of these nutrients and could be consumed in lieu of dietary supplements to achieve the recommended intake in pregnancy. In a previous analysis of 2,450 pregnant women, we calculated the range of additional intake needed to shift 90% of participants to intake above the estimated average requirement and keep 90% below the tolerable upper level for these 6 nutrients. Here, we identified foods and beverages from the 2019 to 2020 Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies that provide target levels of these nutrients without exceeding the additional energy intake recommended for pregnancy beginning in the second trimester (340 kilocalories). We identified 2358 candidate foods meeting the target intake range for at least one nutrient. No candidate foods provided target amounts of all 6 nutrients. Seaweed (raw or cooked without fat) provided sufficient vitamin A, folate, calcium, iron, and omega-3s (5 of 6 nutrients) but would require an intake of >5 cups/d. Twenty-one other foods/beverages (mainly fish, vegetables, and beverages) provided target amounts of 4 of the 6 nutrients. Few foods met targets for vitamin D (n = 54) or iron (n = 93). Results highlight the difficulty in meeting nutritional requirements from diet alone and imply that dietary supplements are likely necessary to meet vitamin D and iron targets in pregnancy, as well as omega-3 fatty acid targets for individuals who do not consume fish products. Other foods could be added in limited amounts to help meet intake targets without exceeding caloric recommendations or nutrient safety limits.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Most pregnant women in the United States are at risk of inadequate intake of vitamin A, vitamin D, folic acid, calcium, iron, and omega-3 fatty acids from foods alone. Very few United States dietary supplements provide sufficient doses of all 6 nutrients without inducing excess intake.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to identify energy-efficient foods that provide sufficient doses of these nutrients and could be consumed in lieu of dietary supplements to achieve the recommended intake in pregnancy.
METHODS
In a previous analysis of 2,450 pregnant women, we calculated the range of additional intake needed to shift 90% of participants to intake above the estimated average requirement and keep 90% below the tolerable upper level for these 6 nutrients. Here, we identified foods and beverages from the 2019 to 2020 Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies that provide target levels of these nutrients without exceeding the additional energy intake recommended for pregnancy beginning in the second trimester (340 kilocalories).
RESULTS
We identified 2358 candidate foods meeting the target intake range for at least one nutrient. No candidate foods provided target amounts of all 6 nutrients. Seaweed (raw or cooked without fat) provided sufficient vitamin A, folate, calcium, iron, and omega-3s (5 of 6 nutrients) but would require an intake of >5 cups/d. Twenty-one other foods/beverages (mainly fish, vegetables, and beverages) provided target amounts of 4 of the 6 nutrients. Few foods met targets for vitamin D (n = 54) or iron (n = 93).
CONCLUSIONS
Results highlight the difficulty in meeting nutritional requirements from diet alone and imply that dietary supplements are likely necessary to meet vitamin D and iron targets in pregnancy, as well as omega-3 fatty acid targets for individuals who do not consume fish products. Other foods could be added in limited amounts to help meet intake targets without exceeding caloric recommendations or nutrient safety limits.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37604382
pii: S0022-3166(23)72536-4
doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.08.012
pmc: PMC10613721
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Micronutrients
0
Vitamin A
11103-57-4
Calcium
SY7Q814VUP
Vitamins
0
Folic Acid
935E97BOY8
Vitamin D
1406-16-2
Iron
E1UOL152H7
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
3012-3022Subventions
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : U2C OD023375
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : UH3 OD023285
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : UH3 OD023286
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : UH3 OD023248
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : UH3 OD023287
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : U24 OD023319
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : UH3 OD023279
Pays : United States
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : R01 HD096032
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIEHS NIH HHS
ID : R01 ES016443
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : UH3 OD023342
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : UH3 OD023349
Pays : United States
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : R01 HD034568
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : U24 OD023382
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : UH3 OD023313
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : UG3 OD023248
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : UG3 OD023279
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : UG3 OD023286
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : UG3 OD023287
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : UG3 OD023342
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : UG3 OD023285
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : UG3 OD023349
Pays : United States
Investigateurs
L P Jacobson
(LP)
C B Parker
(CB)
D J Catellier
(DJ)
D Koinis Mitchell
(D)
S Deoni
(S)
V D'Sa
(V)
A J Elliott
(AJ)
C Breton
(C)
T Bastain
(T)
S Farzan
(S)
R Habre
(R)
C Barone
(C)
C Fussman
(C)
N Paneth
(N)
M Elliott
(M)
D Ruden
(D)
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2023 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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