Therapy challenges for NMOSD in a patient with HIV.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) in people living with HIV (PLWH) is rare and its management can be difficult. Here we report a case of an HIV patient with bilateral vision loss, who was diagnosed with AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Rituximab treatment was initiated after attack therapy with corticosteroids and plasma exchange. NMOSD and HIV disease remained stable, but SARS-CoV-2 immune response after repeated vaccinations was insufficient. After switching immunotherapy due to the lack of vaccination response to satralizumab, peripheral B cells reoccurred and a humoral immune response was observed after reapplication of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. This case illustrates the challenges associated with the treatment of NMOSD in PLWH.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship and/or publication of this article: DE received speaker honoraria from Alexion/AstraZeneca, JH reports grants for OCT research from the Friedrich-Baur-Stiftung and Merck, personal fees and non-financial support from Celgene, Janssen, Bayer, Merck, Alexion, Novartis, Roche, Biogen, Horizon and non-financial support of the Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation, all outside the submitted work, SF has no conflict of interest related to this work, TK has received speaker honoraria and/or personal fees for advisory boards from Roche Pharma, Alexion/Astra Zeneca, Horizon, Chugai and Biogen.