Effects of ultraviolet weathering aging on the color stability and biocompatibility of various computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing glass-ceramic materials.

This study assessed the changes in color stability and biocompatibility of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) glass-ceramics after ultraviolet weathering (UW) aging. A total of 300 plate-shaped specimens (12.0 × 14.0 × 1.5 mm The brightness and redness or greenness were reduced in all groups after aging. After the first aging, V exhibited the largest color change and E exhibited the smallest color change. After the second aging, E exhibited the highest nanoindentation hardness and Young's modulus. The surface roughness was the highest for V after the first aging. Furthermore, the hydrophilicity of the materials increased after aging process. The cell proliferation/viability of human gingival fibroblasts was the highest in E before and after aging. Almost all cells survived for all groups based on a live/dead assay. Leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic exhibit the highest color stability and biocompatibility after aging. The color stability and biocompatibility of CAD-CAM glass-ceramics depend on the aging process and material type. Various CAD-CAM glass-ceramics exhibit adequate color stability after UW aging. The leucite-reinforced glass-ceramics exhibit the highest color stability, cell proliferation, and viability after aging. The color stability, mechanical and surface properties, and biocompatibility of the glass-ceramics depend on the aging process and material type.

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Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.