Comparative genomics of a vertically transmitted thiotrophic bacterial ectosymbiont and its close free-living relative.
Zoothamnium niveum
ectosymbiosis
low-complexity metagenome
sulphur-oxidizing bacteria
thiotrophy
Journal
Molecular ecology resources
ISSN: 1755-0998
Titre abrégé: Mol Ecol Resour
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101465604
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Jan 2024
Jan 2024
Historique:
revised:
31
08
2023
received:
09
01
2023
accepted:
20
10
2023
medline:
17
12
2023
pubmed:
27
11
2023
entrez:
27
11
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Thiotrophic symbioses between sulphur-oxidizing bacteria and various unicellular and metazoan eukaryotes are widespread in reducing marine environments. The giant colonial ciliate Zoothamnium niveum, however, is the only host of thioautotrophic symbionts that has been cultivated along with its symbiont, the vertically transmitted ectosymbiont Candidatus Thiobius zoothamnicola (short Thiobius). Because theoretical predictions posit a smaller genome in vertically transmitted endosymbionts compared to free-living relatives, we investigated whether this is true also for an ectosymbiont. We used metagenomics to recover the high-quality draft genome of this bacterial symbiont. For comparison we have also sequenced a closely related free-living cultured but not formally described strain Milos ODIII6 (short ODIII6). We then performed comparative genomics to assess the functional capabilities at gene, metabolic pathway and trait level. 16S rRNA gene trees and average amino acid identity confirmed the close phylogenetic relationship of both bacteria. Indeed, Thiobius has about a third smaller genome than its free-living relative ODIII6, with reduced metabolic capabilities and fewer functional traits. The functional capabilities of Thiobius were a subset of those of the more versatile ODIII6, which possessed additional genes for oxygen, sulphur and hydrogen utilization and for the acquisition of phosphorus illustrating features that may be adaptive for the unstable environmental conditions at hydrothermal vents. In contrast, Thiobius possesses genes potentially enabling it to utilize lactate and acetate heterotrophically, compounds that may be provided as byproducts by the host. The present study illustrates the effect of strict host-dependence of a bacterial ectosymbiont on genome evolution and host adaptation.
Identifiants
pubmed: 38010882
doi: 10.1111/1755-0998.13889
doi:
Substances chimiques
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
0
Sulfur
70FD1KFU70
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e13889Subventions
Organisme : Austrian Science Fund
ID : P 24565
Organisme : Austrian Science Fund
ID : P 32197
Organisme : WHOI Investment in Science Fund
Informations de copyright
© 2023 The Authors. Molecular Ecology Resources published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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