Astrovirology: how viruses enhance our understanding of life in the Universe.
ecology
evolution
exobiology
life
origin
planetary protection
space
Journal
International journal of astrobiology
ISSN: 1473-5504
Titre abrégé: Int J Astrobiol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101148081
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Aug 2023
Aug 2023
Historique:
pmc-release:
01
02
2024
medline:
4
12
2023
pubmed:
4
12
2023
entrez:
4
12
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Viruses are the most numerically abundant biological entities on Earth. As ubiquitous replicators of molecular information and agents of community change, viruses have potent effects on the life on Earth, and may play a critical role in human spaceflight, for life-detection missions to other planetary bodies and planetary protection. However, major knowledge gaps constrain our understanding of the Earth's virosphere: (1) the role viruses play in biogeochemical cycles, (2) the origin(s) of viruses and (3) the involvement of viruses in the evolution, distribution and persistence of life. As viruses are the only replicators that span all known types of nucleic acids, an expanded experimental and theoretical toolbox built for Earth's viruses will be pivotal for detecting and understanding life on Earth and beyond. Only by filling in these knowledge and technical gaps we will obtain an inclusive assessment of how to distinguish and detect life on other planetary surfaces. Meanwhile, space exploration requires life-support systems for the needs of humans, plants and their microbial inhabitants. Viral effects on microbes and plants are essential for Earth's biosphere and human health, but virus-host interactions in spaceflight are poorly understood. Viral relationships with their hosts respond to environmental changes in complex ways which are difficult to predict by extrapolating from Earth-based proxies. These relationships should be studied in space to fully understand how spaceflight will modulate viral impacts on human health and life-support systems, including microbiomes. In this review, we address key questions that must be examined to incorporate viruses into Earth system models, life-support systems and life detection. Tackling these questions will benefit our efforts to develop planetary protection protocols and further our understanding of viruses in astrobiology.
Identifiants
pubmed: 38046673
doi: 10.1017/s1473550423000058
pmc: PMC10691837
mid: NIHMS1873876
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
247-271Subventions
Organisme : NIGMS NIH HHS
ID : R21 GM140345
Pays : United States
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
Conflict of interest. The authors report no conflict of interest.
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