A Ketone Monoester with Carbohydrate Improves Cognitive Measures Postexercise, but Not Performance in Trained Females.
Journal
Medicine and science in sports and exercise
ISSN: 1530-0315
Titre abrégé: Med Sci Sports Exerc
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8005433
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 Apr 2024
01 Apr 2024
Historique:
medline:
18
3
2024
pubmed:
5
12
2023
entrez:
5
12
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The acute ingestion of a ketone monoester with the coingestion of a carbohydrate (KME + CHO) compared with carbohydrate (CHO) was investigated on cycling performance and cognitive performance in trained females. Using a two condition, placebo-controlled, double-blinded and crossover design, 12 trained females (mean ± SD: age, 23 ± 3 yr; height, 1.64 ± 0.08 m; mass, 65.2 ± 12.7 kg) completed a baseline assessment of cognitive performance (psychomotor vigilance testing (PVT), task switching, and incongruent flanker), followed by 6 × 5-min intervals at 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, and 65% of their maximal power output (W max ) and then a 10-km time trial, concluding with the same assessments of cognitive performance. Participants consumed either 375 mg·kg -1 body mass of KME with a 6% CHO solution (1 g·min -1 of exercise) or CHO alone, across three boluses (50:25:25). Blood β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations averaged 1.80 ± 0.07 and 0.13 ± 0.01 mM during exercise in KME + CHO and CHO, respectively. Blood glucose decreased after drink 1 of KME + CHO (~15%; P = 0.01) but not CHO, and lactate concentrations were lower in KME + CHO at 50%, 55%, 60%, and 65% W max (all P < 0.05) compared with CHO. Despite these changes, no differences were found between conditions for time trial finishing times (KME + CHO, 29.7 ± 5.7 min; CHO, 29.6 ± 5.7 min; P = 0.92). However, only KME + CHO resulted in increases in psychomotor vigilance testing speed (~4%; P = 0.01) and faster reaction times (~14%; P < 0.01), speed (~15%; P < 0.01), and correct responses (~13%; P = 0.03) in the incongruent flanker during posttesting compared with CHO. The acute ingestion of a KME + CHO elevated blood β-hydroxybutyrate and lowered glucose and lactate across multiple time points during exercise compared with CHO. Although these changes did not affect physical performance, several markers of cognitive performance were improved by the addition of a KME in trained females.
Identifiants
pubmed: 38051034
doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003352
pii: 00005768-990000000-00409
doi:
Substances chimiques
3-Hydroxybutyric Acid
TZP1275679
Dietary Carbohydrates
0
Ketones
0
Blood Glucose
0
Lactic Acid
33X04XA5AT
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
725-736Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2023 by the American College of Sports Medicine.
Références
Evans M, Cogan KE, Egan B. Metabolism of ketone bodies during exercise and training: physiological basis for exogenous supplementation. J Physiol . 2017;595(9):2857–71.
Evans M, McClure TS, Koutnik AP, Egan B. Exogenous ketone supplements in athletic contexts: past, present, and future. Sports Med . 2022;52(Suppl 1):25–67.
Poff AM, Moss S, Soliven M, D'Agostino DP. Ketone supplementation: meeting the needs of the brain in an energy crisis. Front Nutr . 2021;8:783659.
Poff AM, Koutnik AP, Egan B. Nutritional ketosis with ketogenic diets or exogenous ketones: features, convergence, and divergence. Curr Sports Med Rep . 2020;19(7):251–9.
Cox PJ, Kirk T, Ashmore T, et al. Nutritional ketosis alters fuel preference and thereby endurance performance in athletes. Cell Metab . 2016;24(2):256–68.
Costello JT, Bieuzen F, Bleakley CM. Where are all the female participants in sports and exercise medicine research? Eur J Sport Sci . 2014;14(8):847–51.
Winder WW, Baldwin KM, Holloszy JO. Enzymes involved in ketone utilization in different types of muscle: adaptation to exercise. Eur J Biochem . 1974;47(3):461–7.
Lundsgaard A-M, Kiens B. Gender differences in skeletal muscle substrate metabolism–molecular mechanisms and insulin sensitivity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) . 2014;5:195.
Evans M, Egan B. Intermittent running and cognitive performance after ketone ester ingestion. Med Sci Sports Exerc . 2018;50(11):2330–8.
Quinones MD, Lemon PWR. Ketone ester supplementation improves some aspects of cognitive function during a simulated soccer match after induced mental fatigue. Nutrients . 2022;14(20):4376.
Krikorian R, Shidler MD, Dangelo K, Couch SC, Benoit SC, Clegg DJ. Dietary ketosis enhances memory in mild cognitive impairment. Neurobiol Aging . 2012;33(2):425.e19–27.
McKay AKA, Stellingwerff T, Smith ES, et al. Defining training and performance caliber: a participant classification framework. Int J Sports Physiol Perform . 2022;17(2):317–31.
Betts JA, Gonzalez JT, Burke LM, et al. PRESENT 2020: text expanding on the checklist for proper reporting of evidence in sport and exercise nutrition trials. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab . 2020;30(1):2–13.
Borg DN, Osborne JO, Stewart IB, Costello JT, Sims JNL, Minett GM. The reproducibility of 10 and 20km time trial cycling performance in recreational cyclists, runners and team sport athletes. J Sci Med Sport . 2018;21(8):858–63.
Currell K, Jeukendrup AE. Validity, reliability and sensitivity of measures of sporting performance. Sports Med . 2008;38(4):297–316.
Brožek J, Grande F, Anderson JT, Keys A. Densitometric analysis of body composition: revision of some quantitative assumptions. Ann N Y Acad Sci . 1963;110:113–40.
Dearlove DJ, Harrison OK, Hodson L, Jefferson A, Clarke K, Cox PJ. The effect of blood ketone concentration and exercise intensity on exogenous ketone oxidation rates in athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc . 2021;53(3):505–16.
Chang Y-K, Labban JD, Gapin JI, Etnier JL. The effects of acute exercise on cognitive performance: a meta-analysis. Brain Res . 2012;1453:87–101.
Stubbs BJ, Cox PJ, Kirk T, Evans RD, Clarke K. Gastrointestinal effects of exogenous ketone drinks are infrequent, mild, and vary according to ketone compound and dose. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab . 2019;29(6):596–603.
Silvestrini N, Gendolla GH. Mood effects on autonomic activity in mood regulation. Psychophysiology . 2007;44(4):650–9.
McAuley E, Duncan T, Tammen VV. Psychometric properties of the intrinsic motivation inventory in a competitive sport setting: a confirmatory factor analysis. Res Q Exerc Sport . 1989;60(1):48–58.
Robertson RJ, Goss FL, Dube J, et al. Validation of the adult OMNI scale of perceived exertion for cycle ergometer exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc . 2004;36(1):102–8.
Coutts AJ, Reaburn P, Murphy A, Pine M, Impellizzeri F. Validity of the session-RPE method for determining training load in team sport athletes. J Sci Med Sport . 2003;6(4):525.
McCarthy DG, Bostad W, Bone J, Powley FJ, Richards DL, Gibala MJ. Effect of acute ketone monoester ingestion on cardiorespiratory responses to exercise and the influence of blood acidosis. Med Sci Sports Exerc . 2023;55(7):1286–95.
McCarthy DG, Bone J, Fong M, et al. Acute ketone monoester supplementation impairs 20-min time-trial performance in trained cyclists: a randomized, crossover trial. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab . 2023;33(4):181–8.
Dearlove DJ, Faull OK, Rolls E, Clarke K, Cox PJ. Nutritional ketoacidosis during incremental exercise in healthy athletes. Front Physiol . 2019;10:290.
Evans M, McSwiney FT, Brady AJ, Egan B. No benefit of ingestion of a ketone monoester supplement on 10-km running performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc . 2019;51(12):2506–15.
Poffé C, Ramaekers M, Bogaerts S, Hespel P. Exogenous ketosis impacts neither performance nor muscle glycogen breakdown in prolonged endurance exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) . 2020;128(6):1643–53.
Poffé C, Ramaekers M, Bogaerts S, Hespel P. Bicarbonate unlocks the ergogenic action of ketone monoester intake in endurance exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc . 2021;53(2):431–41.
Prins PJ, D’Agostino DP, Rogers CQ, et al. Dose response of a novel exogenous ketone supplement on physiological, perceptual and performance parameters. Nutr Metab (Lond) . 2020;17:81.
Poffé C, Wyns F, Ramaekers M, Hespel P. Exogenous ketosis impairs 30-min time-trial performance independent of bicarbonate supplementation. Med Sci Sports Exerc . 2021;53(5):1068–78.
Leckey JJ, Ross ML, Quod M, Hawley JA, Burke LM. Ketone diester ingestion impairs time-trial performance in professional cyclists. Front Physiol . 2017;8:806.
Høeg L, Roepstorff C, Thiele M, Richter EA, Wojtaszewski JFP, Kiens B. Higher intramuscular triacylglycerol in women does not impair insulin sensitivity and proximal insulin signaling. J Appl Physiol (1985) . 2009;107(3):824–31.
Yasuda N, Glover EI, Phillips SM, Isfort RJ, Tarnopolsky MA. Sex-based differences in skeletal muscle function and morphology with short-term limb immobilization. J Appl Physiol (1985) . 2005;99(3):1085–92.
Steffensen CH, Roepstorff C, Madsen M, Kiens B. Myocellular triacylglycerol breakdown in females but not in males during exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab . 2002;282(3):E634–42.
Howard EE, Allen JT, Coleman JL, et al. Ketone monoester plus carbohydrate supplementation does not alter exogenous and plasma glucose oxidation or metabolic clearance rate during exercise in men compared with carbohydrate alone. J Nutr . 2023;153(6):1696–709.
McCarthy DG, Bostad W, Powley FJ, Little JP, Richards DL, Gibala MJ. Increased cardiorespiratory stress during submaximal cycling after ketone monoester ingestion in endurance-trained adults. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab . 2021;46(8):986–93.
Botvinick MM, Braver TS, Barch DM, Carter CS, Cohen JD. Conflict monitoring and cognitive control. Psychol Rev . 2001;108(3):624–52.
Pontifex MB, McGowan AL, Chandler MC, et al. A primer on investigating the after effects of acute bouts of physical activity on cognition. Psychol Sport Exerc . 2019;40:1–22.
Metcalfe HK, Monson JP, Welch SG, Cohen RD. Inhibition of lactate removal by ketone bodies in rat liver. Evidence for a quantitatively important role of the plasma membrane lactate transporter in lactate metabolism. J Clin Invest . 1986;78(3):743–7.
Patel TB, Barron LL, Olson MS. The stimulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis by acetoacetate precursors. A role for the monocarboxylate translocator. J Biol Chem . 1984;259(12):7525–31.
Green HJ, Fraser IG, Ranney DA. Male and female differences in enzyme activities of energy metabolism in vastus lateralis muscle. J Neurol Sci . 1984;65(3):323–31.
Simoneau JA, Lortie G, Boulay MR, Thibault MC, Thériault G, Bouchard C. Skeletal muscle histochemical and biochemical characteristics in sedentary male and female subjects. Can J Physiol Pharmacol . 1985;63(1):30–5.
Hoffmann SM, Skinner TL, van Rosendal SP, Osborne MA, Emmerton LM, Jenkins DG. The efficacy of the lactate threshold: a sex-based comparison. J Strength Cond Res . 2020;34(11):3190–8.
Jurkowski JE, Jones NL, Toews CJ, Sutton JR. Effects of menstrual cycle on blood lactate, O 2 delivery, and performance during exercise. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol . 1981;51(6):1493–9.
Webb HE, Fabianke-Kadue EC, Kraemer RR, Kamimori GH, Castracane VD, Acevedo EO. Stress reactivity to repeated low-level challenges: a pilot study. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback . 2011;36(4):243–50.
Webb HE, Weldy ML, Fabianke-Kadue EC, Orndorff GR, Kamimori GH, Acevedo EO. Psychological stress during exercise: cardiorespiratory and hormonal responses. Eur J Appl Physiol . 2008;104(6):973–81.
McAllister M, Webb H, Tidwell D, et al. Exogenous carbohydrate reduces cortisol response from combined mental and physical stress. Int J Sports Med . 2016;37(14):1159–65.
Son H, Baek JH, Kang JS, Jung S, Chung HJ, Kim HJ. Acutely increased β-hydroxybutyrate plays a role in the prefrontal cortex to escape stressful conditions during the acute stress response. Biochem Biophys Res Commun . 2021;554:19–24.