Definition of refractory melasma and its treatment: a review.
Definition
Laser
Oral TXA
Refractory melasma
Review
Treatment
Journal
Lasers in medical science
ISSN: 1435-604X
Titre abrégé: Lasers Med Sci
Pays: England
ID NLM: 8611515
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
29 Apr 2024
29 Apr 2024
Historique:
received:
31
10
2023
accepted:
22
04
2024
medline:
29
4
2024
pubmed:
29
4
2024
entrez:
28
4
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Although patients with refractory melasma have been treated using various methods, there is still no precise definition or summary of the therapies. To define refractory melasma and conduct a review of the treatments, we searched for relevant publications in PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, and a total of 35 references were obtained. Refractory melasma can be roughly defined as an ineffective treatment for melasma, including topical bleaching agents, chemical peels, laser therapy, microdermabrasion for more than six months, or chemical peels treated more than six times. Meanwhile, physicians should be careful when treating patients with darker skin and dermal or mixed types of melasma since these individuals do not respond well to treatment. Lasers combined with other methods, especially different types of lasers or topical agents, are considered more effective than monotherapy. Oral tranexamic acid (TXA) is a prospective cure for refractory melasma. Other methods include a combination of chemical peels, microneedling, or injections with additional therapies. In conclusion, we were able to provide a rough definition of refractory melasma and list the available therapies. According to the literature, the most prevalent treatment is laser combination therapy. However, laser treatment should be considered only after topical agents and chemical peeling have failed. Considering its side effects, efficacy, and safety, oral TXA may be a better option, but more research is needed to make a firm conclusion. Moreover, maintenance therapy is required after treatment.
Identifiants
pubmed: 38679674
doi: 10.1007/s10103-024-04066-3
pii: 10.1007/s10103-024-04066-3
doi:
Substances chimiques
Tranexamic Acid
6T84R30KC1
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
118Subventions
Organisme : Hangzhou biomedical and health industry development support project
ID : 2021WJCY159
Organisme : Hangzhou medical key discipline construction project
ID : No [37]21-3
Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.
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