Psychological interventions to promote self-forgiveness: a systematic review.
Intervention
Self-forgiveness
Systematic review
Journal
BMC psychology
ISSN: 2050-7283
Titre abrégé: BMC Psychol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101627676
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
09 May 2024
09 May 2024
Historique:
received:
30
08
2023
accepted:
17
03
2024
medline:
10
5
2024
pubmed:
10
5
2024
entrez:
9
5
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Being able to forgive one's own wrongdoings improves the health and well-being of a person. People find it difficult to forgive themselves due to different reasons. It is essential to enhance the ability to accept one's deeds and thereby enhance self-forgiveness. The current systematic review's objective is to comprehend the application and efficiency of numerous interventions that improve self-forgiveness. The search was done on electronic databases such as PubMed, ERIC, Web of Science, PsycNet, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The initial search yielded 399 articles. After the duplicate removal, 19 articles met the eligibility criteria. Two studies were identified through related references. Thus, 21 articles were finalized for review. The study adhered to the PRISMA recommendations for systematic reviews. The 21 finalized articles varied in method, participants, research design, duration, measurement tools used, and observed outcomes. Thirteen of the 21 finalized articles followed interventions specifically designed to promote self-forgiveness. Interventions are seen to be applied at both individual and group levels. The review categorizes the interventions into self-directed and group. The self-directed interventions, notably those based on Enright's process model, demonstrate its efficiency in nurturing self-forgiveness. Self-forgiveness interventions are also found to be effective in promoting other positive psychological and clinical variables. Further implications and future research avenues are outlined.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Being able to forgive one's own wrongdoings improves the health and well-being of a person. People find it difficult to forgive themselves due to different reasons. It is essential to enhance the ability to accept one's deeds and thereby enhance self-forgiveness. The current systematic review's objective is to comprehend the application and efficiency of numerous interventions that improve self-forgiveness.
METHODS
METHODS
The search was done on electronic databases such as PubMed, ERIC, Web of Science, PsycNet, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The initial search yielded 399 articles. After the duplicate removal, 19 articles met the eligibility criteria. Two studies were identified through related references. Thus, 21 articles were finalized for review. The study adhered to the PRISMA recommendations for systematic reviews.
RESULTS
RESULTS
The 21 finalized articles varied in method, participants, research design, duration, measurement tools used, and observed outcomes. Thirteen of the 21 finalized articles followed interventions specifically designed to promote self-forgiveness. Interventions are seen to be applied at both individual and group levels.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
The review categorizes the interventions into self-directed and group. The self-directed interventions, notably those based on Enright's process model, demonstrate its efficiency in nurturing self-forgiveness. Self-forgiveness interventions are also found to be effective in promoting other positive psychological and clinical variables. Further implications and future research avenues are outlined.
Identifiants
pubmed: 38725052
doi: 10.1186/s40359-024-01671-3
pii: 10.1186/s40359-024-01671-3
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Systematic Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
258Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
Références
McCullough ME, Worthington EL Jr. Promoting forgiveness: a comparison of two brief psychoeducational group interventions with a waiting-list control. Couns Values. 1995;40:55–68.
doi: 10.1002/j.2161-007X.1995.tb00387.x
Enright RD, Freedman S. The moral development of forgiveness forgiveness therapy for those with Road rage view project forgiveness toward parents in Chinese and American families. The Influence of Filial Piety and Attribution of Responsibility View project; 1991.
Vitz PC, Meade JM. Self-forgiveness in psychology and psychotherapy: a critique. J Relig Health. 2011;50:248–63.
doi: 10.1007/s10943-010-9343-x
pubmed: 20354790
McConnell JM. A conceptual-theoretical-empirical Framework for Self-Forgiveness: implications for Research and Practice. Basic Appl Soc Psych. 2015;37:143–64.
doi: 10.1080/01973533.2015.1016160
Enright RD. Counseling Within the Forgiveness Triad: On Forgiving, Receiving Forgiveness, and Self-Forgiveness.
Darby BW, Schlenker BR. Children’s reactions to apologies. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1982;43:742–53.
doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.43.4.742
Worthington EL, Lavelock C, vanOyen Witvliet C, Rye MS, Tsang JA, Toussaint L. Measures of forgiveness: Self-Report, physiological, Chemical, and behavioral indicators. Measures of personality and social psychological constructs. Elsevier Inc.; 2015. pp. 474–502.
Kim JJ, Volk F, Enright RD. Validating the Enright Self-Forgiveness Inventory (ESFI). Curr Psychol. 2022;41:7604–17.
doi: 10.1007/s12144-020-01248-4
Hall JH, Fincham FD. Self-forgiveness: the stepchild of forgiveness research. J Soc Clin Psychol. 2005;24:621–37.
doi: 10.1521/jscp.2005.24.5.621
Davis DE, Ho MY, Griffin BJ, Bell C, Hook JN, Van Tongeren DR, DeBlaere C, Worthington EL, Westbrook CJ. Forgiving the self and physical and mental health correlates: a meta-analytic review. J Couns Psychol. 2015;62:329–35.
doi: 10.1037/cou0000063
pubmed: 25867697
Bryan AO, Theriault JL, Bryan CJ. Self-forgiveness, posttraumatic stress, and suicide attempts among military personnel and veterans. Traumatol (Tallahass Fla). 2014;21:40–6.
doi: 10.1037/trm0000017
Griffin BJ, Worthington EL, Davis DE, Hook JN, Maguen S. Development of the self-forgiveness dual-process scale. J Couns Psychol. 2018;65:715–26.
doi: 10.1037/cou0000293
pubmed: 30421952
Griffin BJ, Worthington EL, Lavelock CR, Greer CL, Lin Y, Davis DE, Hook JN. Efficacy of a self-forgiveness workbook: a randomized controlled trial with interpersonal offenders. J Couns Psychol. 2015;62:124–36.
doi: 10.1037/cou0000060
pubmed: 25621588
Cornish MA, Wade NG. A therapeutic model of self-forgiveness with intervention strategies for counselors. J Couns Dev. 2015;93:96–104.
doi: 10.1002/j.1556-6676.2015.00185.x
Thompson LY, Snyder CR, Hoffman L, et al. Dispositionol forgiveness of self, others, and situations. J Pers. 2005;73:313–60.
doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2005.00311.x
pubmed: 15745433
Fisher ML, Exline JJ. Self-forgiveness versus excusing: the roles of remorse, effort, and acceptance of responsibility. Self Identity. 2006;5:127–46.
doi: 10.1080/15298860600586123
Walker DF. Gorsuch RL Forgiveness within the Big Five personality model.
Romero C, Kalidas M, Elledge R, Chang J, Liscum KR, Friedman LC. Self-forgiveness, spirituality, and psychological adjustment in women with breast cancer. J Behav Med. 2006;29:29–36.
doi: 10.1007/s10865-005-9038-z
pubmed: 16362244
Pandey R, Tiwari GK, Pandey R, Mandal SP, Mudgal S, Parihar P, Rai PK, Sudan Tiwari A, Shukla M. (2020) The relationship between self-esteem and self-forgiveness: understanding the mediating role of positive and negative self-compassion. https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158981530.01103201 .
Yao S, Chen J, Yu X, Sang J. Mediator roles of interpersonal forgiveness and self-forgiveness between self-esteem and subjective well-being. Curr Psychol. 2017;36:585–92.
doi: 10.1007/s12144-016-9447-x
Hill PL, Allemand M. Forgivingness and adult patterns of individual differences in environmental mastery and personal growth. J Res Pers. 2010;44:245–50.
doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2010.01.006
Strelan P. The prosocial, adaptive qualities of just world beliefs: implications for the relationship between justice and forgiveness. Pers Individ Dif. 2007;43:881–90.
doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.02.015
Holmgren MR. (1998) Self-Forgiveness and Responsible Moral Agency.
Haidt J. The emotional dog and its rational tail: a Social Intuitionist Approach to Moral Judgment. Psychol Re\itA. 2001;108:814–34.
Leary MR. Motivational and emotional aspects of the self. Annu Rev Psychol. 2007;58:317–44.
doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085658
pubmed: 16953794
DeWall CN, Twenge JM, Koole SL, Baumeister RF, Marquez A, Reid MW. Automatic emotion Regulation after Social Exclusion: tuning to positivity. Emotion. 2011;11:623–36.
doi: 10.1037/a0023534
pubmed: 21668113
Wenzel M, Woodyatt L, Hedrick K. No genuine self-forgiveness without accepting responsibility: Value reaffirmation as a key to maintaining positive self-regard. Eur J Soc Psychol. 2012;42:617–27.
doi: 10.1002/ejsp.1873
woodyAtt lydiA weNZel miCHAel. Self-forgiveness and restoration WOODYATT and WENZEL self-forGIveness and restoratIon of an offender followInG. an Interpersonal transGressIon; 2013.
Suzuki M, Jenkins T. The role of (self-)forgiveness in restorative justice: linking restorative justice to desistance. Eur J Criminol. 2022;19:202–19.
doi: 10.1177/1477370819895959
Woodyatt L, Wenzel M. The psychological immune response in the face of transgressions: Pseudo self-forgiveness and threat to belonging. J Exp Soc Psychol. 2013;49:951–8.
doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2013.05.016
Krentzman AR, Webb JR, Jester JM, Harris JI. Longitudinal relationship between forgiveness of self and forgiveness of others among individuals with alcohol use disorders. Psycholog Relig Spiritual. 2018;10:128–37.
doi: 10.1037/rel0000152
pubmed: 29904570
Webb JR, Bumgarner DJ, Conway-Williams E, Dangel T, Hall BB. A consensus definition of self-forgiveness: implications for assessment and treatment. Spiritual Clin Pract. 2017;4:216–27.
doi: 10.1037/scp0000138
Bauer L, Duffy J, Fountain E, Halling S, Holzer M, Jones E, Leifer M, Rowe JO. (1992) Exploring Self-Forgiveness.
Terzino KA. Self-forgiveness for interpersonal and intrapersonal transgressions.
Toussaint L, Barry M, Bornfriend L, Markman M. Restore: the Journey toward Self-Forgiveness: a Randomized Trial of Patient Education on Self-Forgiveness in Cancer patients and caregivers. J Health Care Chaplain. 2014;20:54–74.
doi: 10.1080/08854726.2014.902714
pubmed: 24787767
Ghavami T, Kazeminia M, Rajati F. The effect of lavender on stress in individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2022.102832 .
doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2022.102832
pubmed: 35429599
Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. PLoS Med. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PMED.1003583 .
doi: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PMED.1003583
pubmed: 33780438
pmcid: 8007028
Martins Esteves I, Coelho MS. EEectiveness of family-centred educational interventions for anxiety, pain and behaviours of children and adolescents and anxiety of their parents during the perioperative journey: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Lockwood C, Munn Z, Porritt K. Qualitative research synthesis: methodological guidance for systematic reviewers utilizing meta-aggregation. Int J Evid Based Healthc. 2015;13:179–87.
doi: 10.1097/XEB.0000000000000062
pubmed: 26262565
Lander A. Toward the incorporation of forgiveness therapy in healing the wounds of eating disorders: a case study in self-forgiveness. Clin Case Stud. 2012;11:119–39.
doi: 10.1177/1534650112443002
Scherer M, Worthington EL, Hook JN, Campana KL. Forgiveness and the bottle: promoting self-forgiveness in individuals who abuse alcohol. J Addict Dis. 2011;30:382–95.
doi: 10.1080/10550887.2011.609804
pubmed: 22026530
pmcid: 3292781
Bell CM, Davis DE, Griffin BJ, Ashby JS, Rice KG. The promotion of self-forgiveness, responsibility, and willingness to make reparations through a workbook intervention. J Posit Psychol. 2017;12:571–8.
doi: 10.1080/17439760.2016.1209545
Campana K, SELF-FORGIVENESS INTERVENTIONS FOR WOMEN SELF-FORGIVENESS INTERVENTIONS. FOR WOMEN EXPERIENCING A BREAKUP EXPERIENCING A BREAKUP.
Coyle CT, Enright RD. (1997) Forgiveness Intervention With Postabortion Men.
Eaton KW, Ferrari TM. Heart Rate Variability during an Internal Family systems Approach to Self-Forgiveness. Int J Clin Exp Physiol. 2020;7:52–7.
doi: 10.5530/ijcep.2020.7.2.14
Exline JJ, Root BL, Yadavalli S, Martin AM, Fisher ML. Reparative behaviors and Self-forgiveness: effects of a laboratory-based Exercise. Self Identity. 2011;10:101–26.
doi: 10.1080/15298861003669565
Hanna W. Scholarship at UWindsor Scholarship at UWindsor benefits of Self-Forgiveness on Well-Bieng and Self-Forgiveness benefits of Self-Forgiveness on Well-Bieng and Self-. Forgiveness Facilitating Factors Facilitating Factors; 2012.
Jo KH, An GJ. Effects of a group reminiscence program on self-forgiveness, life satisfaction, and death anxiety among institutionalized older adults. Korean J Adult Nurs. 2018;30:546–54.
doi: 10.7475/kjan.2018.30.5.546
Franz Y, Kahija L, Rahmandani A, Salma S, THE EFFECTIVENESS. OF FORGIVENESS MEDITATION INTERVENTION IN THE GROUP OF EMERGING ADULT STUDENTS.
Maguen S, Burkman K, Madden E, Dinh J, Bosch J, Keyser J, Schmitz M, Neylan TC. Impact of killing in War: a Randomized, Controlled Pilot Trial. J Clin Psychol. 2017;73:997–1012.
doi: 10.1002/jclp.22471
pubmed: 28294318
Massengale MA. Randomized Control Trial adapting a self-forgiveness A Randomized Control Trial adapting a self-forgiveness intervention for perfectionists intervention for perfectionists. https://doi.org/10.57709/18714397 .
Maynard PG, van Kessel K, Feather JS. Self-forgiveness, self-compassion and psychological health: a qualitative exploration of change during compassion focused therapy groups. Psychol Psychotherapy: Theory Res Pract. 2023;96:265–80.
doi: 10.1111/papt.12435
Ogunyemi D, Sugiyama NI, Ferrari TM. A Professional Development Workshop to Facilitate Self-Forgiveness. J Grad Med Educ. 2020;12:335–9.
doi: 10.4300/JGME-D-19-00570.1
pubmed: 32595855
pmcid: 7301949
Parlak S, Oksuz Gul F. Psychodrama oriented group therapy for forgiveness in university students. Arts Psychother. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2021.101761 .
doi: 10.1016/j.aip.2021.101761
Peterson SJ, Van Tongeren DR, Womack SD, Hook JN, Davis DE, Griffin BJ. The benefits of self-forgiveness on mental health: evidence from correlational and experimental research. J Posit Psychol. 2017;12:159–68.
doi: 10.1080/17439760.2016.1163407
Woodyatt L, Wenzel M. A needs-based perspective on self-forgiveness: addressing threat to moral identity as a means of encouraging interpersonal and intrapersonal restoration. J Exp Soc Psychol. 2014;50:125–35.
doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2013.09.012
Záhorcová L, Enright R, Halama P. The effectiveness of a Forgiveness Intervention on Mental Health in Bereaved Parents—A Pilot Study. Omega (United States). 2023;87:614–31.
La Kahija YF, Rahmandani A, Salma S. The effectiveness of forgiveness meditation intervention in the Group of emerging adult students. Jurnal Psikologi. 2022;21:72–88.
doi: 10.14710/jp.21.1.72-88
Worthington EL. (2013) Moving Forward: six steps to forgiving yourself and breaking free from the Past Self-Directed Learning Workbook an intervention designed to Promote Self-Forgiveness.
THE ART. AND SCIENCE OF FORGIVING.
Maltby J, Macaskill A, Day L. Failure to forgive self and others: a replication and extension of the relationship between forgiveness, personality, social desirability and general health.
Dearing RL, Stuewig J, Tangney JP. On the importance of distinguishing shame from guilt: relations to problematic alcohol and drug use. Addict Behav. 2005;30:1392–404.
doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.02.002
pubmed: 16022935
pmcid: 3106346
Lundahl BW, Taylor MJ, Stevenson R, Roberts KD. Process-based forgiveness interventions: a meta-analytic review. Res Soc Work Pract. 2008;18:465–78.
doi: 10.1177/1049731507313979
Toussaint L, Worthington EL, Cheadle A, Marigoudar S, Kamble S, Büssing A. Efficacy of the REACH Forgiveness Intervention in Indian College Students. Front Psychol. 2020. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00671 .
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00671
pubmed: 32373023
pmcid: 7177025
Baskin TW, Enright RD. Intervention studies on forgiveness: a Meta-analysis. J Couns Dev. 2004;82:79–90.
doi: 10.1002/j.1556-6678.2004.tb00288.x
Akhtar S, Barlow J. Forgiveness therapy for the Promotion of Mental Well-Being: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2018;19:107–22.
doi: 10.1177/1524838016637079
pubmed: 27009829
The number of. psychosocial interventions for relatives of adults with serious.
Greenberg LS, Warwar SH, Malcolm WM. Differential effects of emotion-focused therapy and psychoeducation in facilitating forgiveness and letting go of emotional injuries. J Couns Psychol. 2008;55:185–96.
doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.55.2.185
Schwartz RC. Moving from acceptance toward transformation with internal family systems therapy (IFS). J Clin Psychol. 2013;69:805–16.
doi: 10.1002/jclp.22016
pubmed: 23813465
Hall JH, Fincham FD. (2008) HALL AND FINCHAM SELF-FORGIVENESS THE TEMPORAL COURSE OF SELF-FORGIVENESS.
Westerhof GJ, Bohlmeijer ET. Celebrating fifty years of research and applications in reminiscence and life review: state of the art and new directions. J Aging Stud. 2014;29:107–14.
doi: 10.1016/j.jaging.2014.02.003
pubmed: 24655678
Mudgal S, Tiwari GK. Self-Forgiveness and Life Satisfaction in People Living with HIV/AIDS.
Dipietro EK, Unforgiving Pain. A Qualitative Exploration of Chronic Pain and Unforgiving Pain: A Qualitative Exploration of Chronic Pain and Self-Forgiveness Self-Forgiveness.
Arslan G, Coşkun M. Social Exclusion, Self-Forgiveness, Mindfulness, and internet addiction in College students: a Moderated Mediation Approach. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2022;20:2165–79.
doi: 10.1007/s11469-021-00506-1
pubmed: 33716585
Wohl MJA, Thompson A. A dark side to self-forgiveness: forgiving the self and its association with chronic unhealthy behaviour. Br J Soc Psychol. 2011;50:354–64.
doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8309.2010.02010.x
pubmed: 21361984
Onody AP, Woodyatt L, Wenzel M, Cibich M, Sheldon A, Cornish MA. Humility and its relationship to Self-condemnation, defensiveness and self-forgiveness following interpersonal transgressions. J Psychol Theol. 2020;48:118–30.
doi: 10.1177/0091647120911111
Tiwari GK, Pandey R, Parihar P, Rai PK. (2020) Understanding the mediating role of self-esteem between the relationship of self-forgiveness and human flourishing. https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158981525.55950259 .