PAQR4 oncogene: a novel target for cancer therapy.
Cancers
PAQR4
Therapeutic target
Tumor immunity
miRNA
Journal
Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England)
ISSN: 1559-131X
Titre abrégé: Med Oncol
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 9435512
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
20 May 2024
20 May 2024
Historique:
received:
18
01
2024
accepted:
06
04
2024
medline:
20
5
2024
pubmed:
20
5
2024
entrez:
20
5
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Despite decades of basic and clinical research and trials of promising new therapies, cancer remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality due to the emergence of drug resistance to anticancer drugs. These resistance events have a very well-understood underlying mechanism, and their therapeutic relevance has long been recognized. Thus, drug resistance continues to be a major obstacle to providing cancer patients with the intended "cure". PAQR4 (Progestin and AdipoQ Receptor Family Member 4) gene is a recently identified novel protein-coding gene associated with various human cancers and acts through different signaling pathways. PAQR4 has a significant influence on multiple proteins that may regulate various gene expressions and may develop chemoresistance. This review discusses the roles of PAQR4 in tumor immunity, carcinogenesis, and chemoresistance. This paper is the first review, discussing PAQR4 in the pathogenesis of cancer. The review further explores the PAQR4 as a potential target in various malignancies.
Identifiants
pubmed: 38767705
doi: 10.1007/s12032-024-02382-w
pii: 10.1007/s12032-024-02382-w
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
161Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Références
Ferlay J, Colombet M, Soerjomataram I, Parkin DM, Piñeros M, Znaor A, et al. Cancer statistics for the year 2020: an overview. Int J Cancer. 2021;149:778–89.
doi: 10.1002/ijc.33588
Ramos A, Sadeghi S, Tabatabaeian H. Battling chemoresistance in cancer: root causes and strategies to uproot them. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22:9451.
pubmed: 34502361
pmcid: 8430957
doi: 10.3390/ijms22179451
Bukowski K, Kciuk M, Kontek R. Mechanisms of multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21:3233.
pubmed: 32370233
pmcid: 7247559
doi: 10.3390/ijms21093233
Emran TB, Shahriar A, Mahmud AR, Rahman T, Abir MH, Siddiquee MF-R, et al. Multidrug resistance in cancer: understanding molecular mechanisms, immunoprevention and therapeutic approaches. Front Oncol. 2022. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.891652/full .
doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.891652/full
pubmed: 36330493
pmcid: 9623325
Zhang H, Han R, Ling Z-Q, Zhang F, Hou Y, You X, et al. PAQR4 has a tumorigenic effect in human breast cancers in association with reduced CDK4 degradation. Carcinogenesis. 2018;39:439–46.
pubmed: 29228296
doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgx143
Ye J, Gao M, Guo X, Zhang H, Jiang F. Breviscapine suppresses the growth and metastasis of prostate cancer through regulating PAQR4-mediated PI3K/Akt pathway. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020;127: 110223.
pubmed: 32413672
doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110223
Chen W, Cen S, Zhou X, Yang T, Wu K, Zou L, et al. Circular RNA CircNOLC1, upregulated by NF-KappaB, promotes the progression of prostate cancer via miR-647/PAQR4 axis. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.624764 .
doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.624764
pubmed: 35310541
pmcid: 8758577
Feng Y, Sun T, Yu Y, Gao Y, Wang X, Chen Z. MicroRNA-370 inhibits the proliferation, invasion and EMT of gastric cancer cells by directly targeting PAQR4. J Pharmacol Sci. 2018;138:96–106.
pubmed: 30322804
doi: 10.1016/j.jphs.2018.08.004
Lei L, Ling Z-N, Chen X-L, Hong L-L, Ling Z-Q. Characterization of the Golgi scaffold protein PAQR3, and its role in tumor suppression and metabolic pathway compartmentalization. Cancer Manag Res. 2020;12:353–62.
pubmed: 32021448
pmcid: 6970510
doi: 10.2147/CMAR.S210919
Yi JK, Xu R, Obeid LM, Hannun YA, Airola MV, Mao C. Alkaline ceramidase catalyzes the hydrolysis of ceramides via a catalytic mechanism shared by Zn
pubmed: 36048828
pmcid: 9436119
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271540
Tang YT, Hu T, Arterburn M, Boyle B, Bright JM, Emtage PC, et al. PAQR proteins: a novel membrane receptor family defined by an ancient7-transmembrane pass motif. J Mol Evol. 2005;61:372–80.
pubmed: 16044242
doi: 10.1007/s00239-004-0375-2
Melchionna MV, Gullett JM, Bouveret E, Shrestha HK, Abraham PE, Hettich RL, et al. Bacterial homologs of progestin and AdipoQ receptors (PAQRs) affect membrane energetics homeostasis but not fluidity. J Bacteriol. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.00583-21 .
doi: 10.1128/jb.00583-21
pubmed: 35285724
pmcid: 9017321
Yang M, Li JC, Tao C, Wu S, Liu B, Shu Q, et al. PAQR6 upregulation is associated with AR signaling and unfavorite prognosis in prostate cancers. Biomolecules. 2021;11:1383.
pubmed: 34572596
pmcid: 8465620
doi: 10.3390/biom11091383
Galindez SM, Keightley A, Koulen P. Differential distribution of steroid hormone signaling networks in the human choroid-retinal pigment epithelial complex. BMC Ophthalmol. 2022;22:406.
pubmed: 36266625
pmcid: 9583547
doi: 10.1186/s12886-022-02585-7
McGlade EA, Miyamoto A, Winuthayanon W. Progesterone and inflammatory response in the oviduct during physiological and pathological conditions. Cells. 2022;11:1075.
pubmed: 35406639
pmcid: 8997425
doi: 10.3390/cells11071075
Jumper J, Evans R, Pritzel A, Green T, Figurnov M, Ronneberger O, et al. Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold. Nature. 2021;596:583–9.
pubmed: 34265844
pmcid: 8371605
doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03819-2
Varadi M, Anyango S, Deshpande M, Nair S, Natassia C, Yordanova G, et al. AlphaFold protein structure database: massively expanding the structural coverage of protein-sequence space with high-accuracy models. Nucleic Acids Res. 2022;50:D439–44.
pubmed: 34791371
doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab1061
Wu HG, Zhang WJ, Ding Q, Peng G, Zou ZW, Liu T, et al. Identification of PAQR3 as a new candidate tumor suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Rep. 2014;32:2687–95.
pubmed: 25310770
doi: 10.3892/or.2014.3532
Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fuchs HE, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022;72:7–33.
pubmed: 35020204
doi: 10.3322/caac.21708
Zhao G, Shi X, Sun Z, Zhao P, Lu Z. PAQR4 promotes the development of hepatocellular carcinoma by activating PI3K/AKT pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin. 2021;53:1602–13.
pubmed: 34718369
doi: 10.1093/abbs/gmab143
Xu P, Jiang L, Yang Y, Wu M, Liu B, Shi Y, Shen Q, Jiang X, He Y, Cheng D, Xiong Q. PAQR4 promotes chemoresistance in non-small cell lung cancer through inhibiting Nrf2 protein degradation. Theranostics. 2020;10(8):3767.
pubmed: 32206121
pmcid: 7069097
doi: 10.7150/thno.43142
Wu B, Liu R. PAQR4 promotes cell proliferation and metastasis through the CDK4-pRB-E2F1 pathway in non-small-cell lung cancer. OncoTargets Ther. 2019;12:3625–33.
doi: 10.2147/OTT.S181432
Prins GS, Ye S-H, Birch L, Zhang X, Cheong A, Lin H, et al. Prostate cancer risk and DNA methylation signatures in aging rats following developmental BPA exposure: a dose-response analysis. Environ Health Perspect. 2017;125:77007.
doi: 10.1289/EHP1050
Fernández LP, Gomez de Cedron M, Ramirez de Molina A. Alterations of lipid metabolism in cancer: implications in prognosis and treatment. Front Oncol. 2020;10:577420.
pubmed: 33194695
pmcid: 7655926
doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.577420
Pedersen L, Panahandeh P, Siraji MI, Knappskog S, Lønning PE, Gordillo R, et al. Golgi-localized PAQR4 mediates antiapoptotic ceramidase activity in breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2020;80:2163–74.
pubmed: 32291319
doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-19-3177
Lam KL, Yang KL, Sunderasan E, Ong MT. Latex C-serum from Hevea brasiliensis induces non-apoptotic cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2). Cell Prolif. 2012;45:577–85.
pubmed: 23046445
pmcid: 6495707
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2012.00841.x
Chen Y, Hu W, Lu Y, Jiang S, Li C, Chen J, et al. A TALEN-based specific transcript knock-down of PIWIL2 suppresses cell growth in HepG2 tumor cell. Cell Prolif. 2014;47:448–56.
pubmed: 25040173
pmcid: 6495709
doi: 10.1111/cpr.12120
Ohno M, Otsuka M, Kishikawa T, Shibata C, Yoshikawa T, Takata A, et al. Specific delivery of microRNA93 into HBV-replicating hepatocytes downregulates protein expression of liver cancer susceptible gene MICA. Oncotarget. 2014;5:5581–90.
pubmed: 25026299
pmcid: 4170619
doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.2143
Kulik L, El-Serag HB. Epidemiology and management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 2019;156:477-491.e1.
pubmed: 30367835
doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.08.065
Shi X, Zhao P, Zhao G. VEZF1, destabilized by STUB1, affects cellular growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by transcriptionally regulating PAQR4. Cancer Gene Ther. 2022;30:256.
pubmed: 36241701
doi: 10.1038/s41417-022-00540-8
Liu Y, Zhou H, Tang X. STUB1/CHIP: new insights in cancer and immunity. Biomed Pharmacother. 2023;165: 115190.
pubmed: 37506582
doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115190
Ma X-L, Shen M-N, Hu B, Wang B-L, Yang W-J, Lv L-H, et al. CD73 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression and metastasis via activating PI3K/AKT signaling by inducing Rap1-mediated membrane localization of P110β and predicts poor prognosis. J Hematol OncolJ Hematol Oncol. 2019;12:37.
doi: 10.1186/s13045-019-0724-7
Chen H, Wong C-C, Liu D, Go MYY, Wu B, Peng S, et al. APLN promotes hepatocellular carcinoma through activating PI3K/Akt pathway and is a druggable target. Theranostics. 2019;9:5246–60.
pubmed: 31410213
pmcid: 6691573
doi: 10.7150/thno.34713
Yang T, Liu X, Kumar SK, Jin F, Dai Y. Decoding DNA methylation in epigenetics of multiple myeloma. Blood Rev. 2022;51: 100872.
pubmed: 34384602
doi: 10.1016/j.blre.2021.100872
Eden A, Gaudet F, Waghmare A, Jaenisch R. Chromosomal instability and tumors promoted by DNA hypomethylation. Science. 2003;300:455–455.
pubmed: 12702868
doi: 10.1126/science.1083557
Wang W, Huang Q, Liao Z, Zhang H, Liu Y, Liu F, et al. ALKBH5 prevents hepatocellular carcinoma progression by post-transcriptional inhibition of PAQR4 in an m6A dependent manner. Exp Hematol Oncol. 2023;12:1.
pubmed: 36609413
pmcid: 9825045
doi: 10.1186/s40164-022-00370-2
Song M-Y, Lee D-Y, Chun K-S, Kim E-H. The role of NRF2/KEAP1 signaling pathway in cancer metabolism. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22:4376.
pubmed: 33922165
pmcid: 8122702
doi: 10.3390/ijms22094376
Feng L, Li J, Yang L, Zhu L, Huang X, Zhang S, et al. Tamoxifen activates Nrf2-dependent SQSTM1 transcription to promote endometrial hyperplasia. Theranostics. 2017;7:1890–900.
pubmed: 28638475
pmcid: 5479276
doi: 10.7150/thno.19135
Xu K, Ma J, Hall SRR, Peng R-W, Yang H, Yao F. Battles against aberrant KEAP1-NRF2 signaling in lung cancer: intertwined metabolic and immune networks. Theranostics. 2023;13:704–23.
pubmed: 36632216
pmcid: 9830441
doi: 10.7150/thno.80184
Tian Y, Liu H, Wang M, Wang R, Yi G, Zhang M, et al. Role of STAT3 and NRF2 in tumors: potential targets for antitumor therapy. Molecules. 2022;27:8768.
pubmed: 36557902
pmcid: 9781355
doi: 10.3390/molecules27248768
Remigante A, Spinelli S, Marino A, Pusch M, Morabito R, Dossena S. Oxidative stress and immune response in melanoma: ion channels as targets of therapy. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24:887.
pubmed: 36614330
pmcid: 9821408
doi: 10.3390/ijms24010887
Guo Q, Liu L, Chen Z, Fan Y, Zhou Y, Yuan Z, et al. Current treatments for non-small cell lung cancer. Front Oncol. 2022. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.945102 .
doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.945102
pubmed: 36936273
pmcid: 9987420
Pouremamali F, Pouremamali A, Dadashpour M, Soozangar N, Jeddi F. An update of Nrf2 activators and inhibitors in cancer prevention/promotion. Cell Commun Signal. 2022;20:100.
pubmed: 35773670
pmcid: 9245222
doi: 10.1186/s12964-022-00906-3
Dhawan A, Pifer PM, Sandulache VC, Skinner HD. Metabolic targeting, immunotherapy and radiation in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: where do we go from here? Front Oncol. 2022. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.1016217 .
doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1016217
pubmed: 36591457
pmcid: 9760815
Tossetta G, Fantone S, Montanari E, Marzioni D, Goteri G. Role of NRF2 in ovarian cancer. Antioxidants. 2022;11:663.
pubmed: 35453348
pmcid: 9027335
doi: 10.3390/antiox11040663
Sandhu S, Moore CM, Chiong E, Beltran H, Bristow RG, Williams SG. Prostate cancer. Lancet. 2021;398:1075–90.
pubmed: 34370973
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00950-8
McCubrey JA, Abrams SL, Fitzgerald TL, Cocco L, Martelli AM, Montalto G, et al. Roles of signaling pathways in drug resistance, cancer initiating cells and cancer progression and metastasis. Adv Biol Regul. 2015;57:75–101.
pubmed: 25453219
doi: 10.1016/j.jbior.2014.09.016
Choi C-H. ABC transporters as multidrug resistance mechanisms and the development of chemosensitizers for their reversal. Cancer Cell Int. 2005;5:30.
pubmed: 16202168
pmcid: 1277830
doi: 10.1186/1475-2867-5-30
Zhang J, Grek C, Ye Z-W, Manevich Y, Tew KD, Townsend DM. Pleiotropic functions of glutathione S-transferase P. Adv Cancer Res. 2014;122:143–75.
pubmed: 24974181
pmcid: 5079281
doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-420117-0.00004-9
Holohan C, Van Schaeybroeck S, Longley DB, Johnston PG. Cancer drug resistance: an evolving paradigm. Nat Rev Cancer. 2013;13:714–26.
pubmed: 24060863
doi: 10.1038/nrc3599
Gagnon J-F, Bernard O, Villeneuve L, Têtu B, Guillemette C. Irinotecan inactivation is modulated by epigenetic silencing of UGT1A1 in colon cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2006;12:1850–8.
pubmed: 16551870
doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-2130
Malet-Martino M, Martino R. Clinical studies of three oral prodrugs of 5-fluorouracil (capecitabine, UFT, S-1): a review. Oncologist. 2002;7:288–323.
pubmed: 12185293
doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.7-4-288
Kosuri KV, Wu X, Wang L, Villalona-Calero MA, Otterson GA. An epigenetic mechanism for capecitabine resistance in mesothelioma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010;391:1465–70.
pubmed: 20035722
doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.12.095
Greally JM. A user’s guide to the ambiguous word “epigenetics.” Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2018;19:207–8.
pubmed: 29339796
doi: 10.1038/nrm.2017.135
Gayon J. From Mendel to epigenetics: History of genetics. C R Biol. 2016;339:225–30.
pubmed: 27263362
doi: 10.1016/j.crvi.2016.05.009
Wang H, Cao G, Wang G, Hao H. Regulation of mammalian UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Curr Drug Metab. 2018;19:490–501.
pubmed: 29521218
doi: 10.2174/1389200219666180307122945
Bird A. DNA methylation patterns and epigenetic memory. Genes Dev. 2002;16(1):6–21.
pubmed: 11782440
doi: 10.1101/gad.947102
Jaenisch R, Bird A. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression: how the genome integrates intrinsic and environmental signals. Nat Genet. 2003;33:245–54.
pubmed: 12610534
doi: 10.1038/ng1089
Kouzarides T. Chromatin modifications and their function. Cell. 2007;128:693–705.
pubmed: 17320507
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.02.005
Tang J, Salama R, Gadgeel SM, Sarkar FH, Ahmad A. Erlotinib resistance in lung cancer: current progress and future perspectives. Front Pharmacol. 2013;4:15.
pubmed: 23407898
pmcid: 3570789
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00015
Gridelli C, De Marinis F, Di Maio M, Cortinovis D, Cappuzzo F, Mok T. Gefitinib as first-line treatment for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with activating epidermal growth factor receptor mutation: review of the evidence. Lung Cancer Amst Neth. 2011;71:249–57.
doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2010.12.008
Bell DW, Gore I, Okimoto RA, Godin-Heymann N, Sordella R, Mulloy R, et al. Inherited susceptibility to lung cancer may be associated with the T790M drug resistance mutation in EGFR. Nat Genet. 2005;37:1315–6.
pubmed: 16258541
doi: 10.1038/ng1671
Ma C, Wei S, Song Y. T790M and acquired resistance of EGFR TKI: a literature review of clinical reports. J Thorac Dis. 2011;3:10–8.
pubmed: 22263058
pmcid: 3256494
Chan BA, Hughes BGM. Targeted therapy for non-small cell lung cancer: current standards and the promise of the future. Transl Lung Cancer Res. 2015;4:36–54.
pubmed: 25806345
pmcid: 4367711
Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritter JM, Flower RJ, Henderson G. Rang & Dale’s pharmacology. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2011.
Hagenbuch B, Gao B, Meier PJ. Transport of xenobiotics across the blood-brain barrier. Physiology. 2002;17(6):231–4. https://doi.org/10.1152/nips.01402.2002 .
doi: 10.1152/nips.01402.2002
Dahan A, Sabit H, Amidon GL. Multiple efflux pumps are involved in the transepithelial transport of colchicine: combined effect of p-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 leads to decreased intestinal absorption throughout the entire small intestine. Drug Metab Dispos. 2009;37:2028–36.
pubmed: 19589874
doi: 10.1124/dmd.109.028282
Wang H, Gao Z, Liu X, Agarwal P, Zhao S, Conroy DW, et al. Targeted production of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria to overcome cancer drug resistance. Nat Commun. 2018;9:562.
pubmed: 29422620
pmcid: 5805731
doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-02915-8
Lovell JF, Billen LP, Bindner S, Shamas-Din A, Fradin C, Leber B, et al. Membrane binding by tBid initiates an ordered series of events culminating in membrane permeabilization by bax. Cell. 2008;135:1074–84.
pubmed: 19062087
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2008.11.010
Moore VDG, Brown JR, Certo M, Love TM, Novina CD, Letai A. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia requires BCL2 to sequester prodeath BIM, explaining sensitivity to BCL2 antagonist ABT-737. J Clin Invest. 2007;117:112–21.
doi: 10.1172/JCI28281
Youle RJ, Strasser A. The BCL-2 protein family: opposing activities that mediate cell death. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2008;9(1):47–59.
pubmed: 18097445
doi: 10.1038/nrm2308
Delgado Y, Torres A, Milián M. Apoptosis’ activation associated to BH3 only domain and BCL-2 homology domain proteins: new way to design anti-cancer drugs. J Cancer Prev Curr Res. 2019. https://doi.org/10.15406/jcpcr.2019.10.00391 .
doi: 10.15406/jcpcr.2019.10.00391
Chakravarthi BVSK, Nepal S, Varambally S. Genomic and epigenomic alterations in cancer. Am J Pathol. 2016;186:1724–35.
pubmed: 27338107
pmcid: 4929396
doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.02.023
Campbell KJ, Tait SWG. Targeting BCL-2 regulated apoptosis in cancer. Open Biol. 2018;8: 180002.
pubmed: 29769323
pmcid: 5990650
doi: 10.1098/rsob.180002
Callagy GM, Pharoah PD, Pinder SE, Hsu FD, Nielsen TO, Ragaz J, et al. Bcl-2 is a prognostic marker in breast cancer independently of the nottingham prognostic index. Clin Cancer Res. 2006;12:2468–75.
pubmed: 16638854
doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-2719
SD C. BCL-2 in prostate cancer: a minireview. Apoptosis. 2003;8:29–37.
doi: 10.1023/A:1021692801278
Correia C, Schneider PA, Dai H, Dogan A, Maurer MJ, Church AK, et al. BCL2 mutations are associated with increased risk of transformation and shortened survival in follicular lymphoma. Blood. 2015;125:658–67.
pubmed: 25452615
pmcid: 4304111
doi: 10.1182/blood-2014-04-571786
Hata AN, Engelman JA, Faber AC. The BCL2 family: key mediators of the apoptotic response to targeted anticancer therapeutics. Cancer Discov. 2015;5:475–87.
pubmed: 25895919
pmcid: 4727530
doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-15-0011
Du C, Zhang X, Yao M, Lv K, Wang J, Chen L, et al. Bcl-2 promotes metastasis through the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the BCap37 medullary breast cancer cell line. Oncol Lett. 2018;15:8991.
pubmed: 29844816
pmcid: 5958888
Ikegaki N, Katsumata M, Minna J, Tsujimoto Y. Expression of bcl-2 in small cell lung carcinoma cells1. Cancer Res. 1994;54:6–8.
pubmed: 8261463
Beroukhim R, Mermel CH, Porter D, Wei G, Raychaudhuri S, Donovan J, Barretina J, Boehm JS, Dobson J, Urashima M, Mc Henry KT. The landscape of somatic copy-number alteration across human cancers. Nature. 2010;463(7283):899–905.
pubmed: 20164920
pmcid: 2826709
doi: 10.1038/nature08822
Yuan B, Hao J, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Zhu Y. Role of Bcl-2 on drug resistance in breast cancer polyploidy-induced spindle poisons. Oncol Lett. 2020;19:1701–10.
pubmed: 32194662
pmcid: 7039128
Wang K, Meng J, Wang X, Yan M, Liu S, Yang S, et al. Pan-cancer analysis of the prognostic and immunological role of PAQR4. Sci Rep. 2022;12:21268.
pubmed: 36481756
pmcid: 9732355
doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-25220-3
Baretti M, Le DT. DNA mismatch repair in cancer. Pharmacol Ther. 2018;189:45–62.
pubmed: 29669262
doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.04.004
Kumazaki M, Noguchi S, Yasui Y, Iwasaki J, Shinohara H, Yamada N, et al. Anti-cancer effects of naturally occurring compounds through modulation of signal transduction and miRNA expression in human colon cancer cells. J Nutr Biochem. 2013;24:1849–58.
pubmed: 23954321
doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.04.006
Lou X-Y, Cheng J-L, Zhang B. Therapeutic effect and mechanism of breviscapine on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2015;8:873–7.
pubmed: 26522306
doi: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.09.017
Monticolo F, Chiusano ML. Computational approaches for cancer-fighting: from gene expression to functional foods. Cancers. 2021;13:4207.
pubmed: 34439361
pmcid: 8393935
doi: 10.3390/cancers13164207
Muhammad BA, Almozyan S, Babaei-Jadidi R, Onyido EK, Saadeddin A, Kashfi SH, Spencer-Dene B, Ilyas M, Lourdusamy A, Behrens A, Nateri AS. FLYWCH1, a novel suppressor of nuclear β-catenin, regulates migration and morphology in colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer Res. 2018;16(12):1977–90.
pubmed: 30097457
pmcid: 6277001
doi: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-18-0262
Guibal FC, Moog-Lutz C, Smolewski P, Gioia YD, Darzynkiewicz Z, Lutz PG, et al. ASB-2 inhibits growth and promotes commitment in myeloid leukemia cells*. J Biol Chem. 2002;277:218–24.
pubmed: 11682484
doi: 10.1074/jbc.M108476200
Menon A, Abd-Aziz N, Khalid K, Poh CL, Naidu R. miRNA: a promising therapeutic target in cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23:11502.
pubmed: 36232799
pmcid: 9569513
doi: 10.3390/ijms231911502
Raut JR, Schöttker B, Holleczek B, Guo F, Bhardwaj M, Miah K, et al. A microRNA panel compared to environmental and polygenic scores for colorectal cancer risk prediction. Nat Commun. 2021;12:4811.
pubmed: 34376648
pmcid: 8355103
doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-25067-8
Yu X, Li Z, Shen J, Wu WKK, Liang J, Weng X, et al. MicroRNA-10b promotes nucleus pulposus cell proliferation through RhoC-Akt pathway by targeting HOXD10 in intervetebral disc degeneration. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e83080.
pubmed: 24376640
pmcid: 3869743
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083080
Huang J, Zhang S-Y, Gao Y-M, Liu Y-F, Liu Y-B, Zhao Z-G, et al. MicroRNAs as oncogenes or tumour suppressors in oesophageal cancer: potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Cell Prolif. 2014;47:277–86.
pubmed: 24909356
pmcid: 6496620
doi: 10.1111/cpr.12109
Miao T-W, Chen F-Y, Du L-Y, Xiao W, Fu J-J. Signature based on RNA-binding protein-related genes for predicting prognosis and guiding therapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Front Genet. 2022. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2022.930826 .
doi: 10.3389/fgene.2022.930826
pubmed: 36744174
pmcid: 9640916
Younas M, Hano C, Giglioli-Guivarch N, Abbasi BH. Mechanistic evaluation of phytochemicals in breast cancer remedy: current understanding and future perspectives. RSC Adv. 2018;8:29714–44.
pubmed: 35547279
pmcid: 9085387
doi: 10.1039/C8RA04879G
Li N, Jiang S, Shi J, Fu R, Wu H, Lu M. Construction of a potential microRNA, transcription factor and mRNA regulatory network in hepatocellular carcinoma. Transl Cancer Res. 2020;9:5528–43.
pubmed: 35117917
pmcid: 8799260
doi: 10.21037/tcr-20-686
Jadoon SS, Ilyas U, Zafar H, Paiva-Santos AC, Khan S, Khan SA, et al. Genomic and epigenomic features of glioblastoma multiforme and its biomarkers. J Oncol. 2022;2022:1–16.
doi: 10.1155/2022/4022960
Lee HK, Finniss S, Cazacu S, Bucris E, Ziv-Av A, Xiang C, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells deliver synthetic microRNA mimics to glioma cells and glioma stem cells and inhibit their cell migration and self-renewal. Oncotarget. 2013;4:346–61.
pubmed: 23548312
pmcid: 3712579
doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.868
Lee WJ, Shin CH, Ji H, Jeong SD, Park M-S, Won H-H, et al. hnRNPK-regulated LINC00263 promotes malignant phenotypes through miR-147a/CAPN2. Cell Death Dis. 2021;12:290.
pubmed: 33731671
pmcid: 7969774
doi: 10.1038/s41419-021-03575-1
Lee WJ, Ji H, Jeong SD, Pandey PR, Gorospe M, Kim HH. LINC00162 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis by sponging PAQR4 -targeting miR-485-5p. J Cell Physiol. 2022;237:2943–60.
pubmed: 35491694
pmcid: 9846112
doi: 10.1002/jcp.30758
Qu C, Ma T, Yan X, Li X, Li Y. Overexpressed PAQR4 predicts poor overall survival and construction of a prognostic nomogram based on PAQR family for hepatocellular carcinoma. Math Biosci Eng. 2022;19:3069–90.
pubmed: 35240821
doi: 10.3934/mbe.2022142
Tang C, Wu Y, Wang X, Chen K, Tang Z, Guo X. LncRNA MAFG-AS1 regulates miR-125b-5p/SphK1 axis to promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of bladder cancer cells. Hum Cell. 2021;34:588–97.
pubmed: 33400245
pmcid: 7900043
doi: 10.1007/s13577-020-00470-3
Hu B, Yang X-B, Yang X, Sang X-T. LncRNA CYTOR affects the proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by regulating the miR-125b-5p/KIAA1522 axis. Aging. 2021;13:2626–39.
doi: 10.18632/aging.202306
Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71:209–49.
pubmed: 33538338
doi: 10.3322/caac.21660
Hooi JKY, Lai WY, Ng WK, Suen MMY, Underwood FE, Tanyingoh D, et al. Global prevalence of helicobacter pylori infection: systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 2017;153:420–9.
pubmed: 28456631
doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.04.022
Kloosterman WP, Plasterk RHA. The diverse functions of microRNAs in animal development and disease. Dev Cell. 2006;11:441–50.
pubmed: 17011485
doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2006.09.009
Wang X, Liu B, Wen F, Song Y. MicroRNA-454 inhibits the malignant biological behaviours of gastric cancer cells by directly targeting mitogen-activated protein kinase 1. Oncol Rep. 2017;
Kang W, Huang T, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Lung RWM, Tong JHM, et al. miR-375 is involved in Hippo pathway by targeting YAP1/TEAD4-CTGF axis in gastric carcinogenesis. Cell Death Dis. 2018;9:92.
pubmed: 29367737
pmcid: 5833783
doi: 10.1038/s41419-017-0134-0
Fan H, Jiang M, Li B, He Y, Huang C, Luo D, et al. MicroRNA-let-7a regulates cell autophagy by targeting Rictor in gastric cancer cell lines MGC-803 and SGC-7901. Oncol Rep. 2018. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2018.6194 .
doi: 10.3892/or.2018.6194
pubmed: 30592293
pmcid: 6365691