Profiling and assessing the risks of image- and performance-enhancing drugs use during the COVID-19 lockdown.
COVID-19
body image
exercise addiction
exercise dependence
image and performance enhancing drugs
pandemic
Journal
Frontiers in public health
ISSN: 2296-2565
Titre abrégé: Front Public Health
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101616579
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2024
2024
Historique:
received:
16
02
2024
accepted:
07
06
2024
medline:
4
7
2024
pubmed:
4
7
2024
entrez:
4
7
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Image and Performance-Enhancing Drugs (IPEDs) can enhance mental and physical capabilities and impact one's overall health. Initially confined in sport environments, IPEDs use has become increasingly widespread in a high-performing society. The present study was aimed at profiling IPEDs use during the COVID-19 lockdown among an international sample of young adults. A cross-sectional observational study was carried out in eight countries (United Kingdom, Italy, Lithuania, Hungary, Portugal, Spain, Brazil, and Japan) between April and May 2020. The survey questionnaire included validated measurements such as Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI), Appearance Anxiety Inventory (AAI), and Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) as well as questions about the type of IPEDs, purchasing methods and socio-demographic information. A total of 736 IPEDs users were included in the survey. Their mean age was 33.05 years (± This study profiled users of IPEDs when the most restrictive COVID-19 lockdown policies were implemented in all the participating countries. More targeted post-COVID 19 prevention strategies should be implemented according to the emerged socio-demographic and psychopathological traits and cross-cultural differences emerged. Longitudinal studies will also be needed to determine the long-term effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on IPEDs consumption.
Sections du résumé
Background
UNASSIGNED
Image and Performance-Enhancing Drugs (IPEDs) can enhance mental and physical capabilities and impact one's overall health. Initially confined in sport environments, IPEDs use has become increasingly widespread in a high-performing society. The present study was aimed at profiling IPEDs use during the COVID-19 lockdown among an international sample of young adults.
Methods
UNASSIGNED
A cross-sectional observational study was carried out in eight countries (United Kingdom, Italy, Lithuania, Hungary, Portugal, Spain, Brazil, and Japan) between April and May 2020. The survey questionnaire included validated measurements such as Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI), Appearance Anxiety Inventory (AAI), and Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) as well as questions about the type of IPEDs, purchasing methods and socio-demographic information.
Results
UNASSIGNED
A total of 736 IPEDs users were included in the survey. Their mean age was 33.05 years (±
Conclusion
UNASSIGNED
This study profiled users of IPEDs when the most restrictive COVID-19 lockdown policies were implemented in all the participating countries. More targeted post-COVID 19 prevention strategies should be implemented according to the emerged socio-demographic and psychopathological traits and cross-cultural differences emerged. Longitudinal studies will also be needed to determine the long-term effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on IPEDs consumption.
Identifiants
pubmed: 38962770
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1386721
pmc: PMC11221326
doi:
Substances chimiques
Performance-Enhancing Substances
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Observational Study
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1386721Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2024 De Luca, Di Carlo, Burkauskas, Dores, Carvalho, Gómez-Martínez, Szabo, Fujiwara, Barbosa, Di Nicola, Mazza, Sani, Luciani, Pettorruso, di Giannantonio, Cataldo, Esposito, Martinotti, Zandonai, Rabin and Corazza.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.