Investigation of the influence of pH and temperature on melanization and survival under oxidative stress in Cryptococcus neoformans.
Cryptococcus neoformans
/ metabolism
Melanins
/ metabolism
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Oxidative Stress
Temperature
Hydrogen Peroxide
/ metabolism
Laccase
/ metabolism
Tunicamycin
/ pharmacology
Caspofungin
/ pharmacology
Sodium Azide
/ pharmacology
Mercaptoethanol
/ pharmacology
Dithiothreitol
/ pharmacology
Cryptococcosis
/ microbiology
Microbial Viability
/ drug effects
Lipopeptides
/ pharmacology
Cryptococcus neoformans
In vitro activity
Drugs
Laccase
Melanin
Survival
Temperature
pH
Journal
Archives of microbiology
ISSN: 1432-072X
Titre abrégé: Arch Microbiol
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 0410427
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
17 Jul 2024
17 Jul 2024
Historique:
received:
16
04
2024
accepted:
08
07
2024
revised:
04
07
2024
medline:
17
7
2024
pubmed:
17
7
2024
entrez:
17
7
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic pathogenic fungus that produces melanin during infection, an important virulence factor in Cryptococcal infections that enhances the ability of the fungus to resist immune defense. This fungus can synthesize melanin from a variety of substrates, including L-DOPA (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine). Since melanin protects the fungus from various stress factors such as oxidative, nitrosative, extreme heat and cold stress; we investigated the effects of environmental conditions on melanin production and survival. In this study, we investigated the effects of different pH values (5.6, 7.0 and 8.5) and temperatures (30 °C and 37 °C) on melanization and cell survival using a microtiter plate-based melanin production assay and an oxidative stress assay, respectively. In addition, the efficacy of compounds known to inhibit laccase involved in melanin synthesis, i.e., tunicamycin, β-mercaptoethanol, dithiothreitol, sodium azide and caspofungin on melanization was evaluated and their sensitivity to temperature and pH changes was measured. The results showed that melanin content correlated with pH and temperature changes and that pH 8.5 and 30 °C, were best for melanin production. Besides that, melanin production protects the fungal cells from oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide. Thus, changes in pH and temperature drastically alter melanin production in C. neoformans and it correlates with the fungal survival. Due to the limited antifungal repertoire and the development of resistance in cryptococcal infections, the investigation of environmental conditions in the regulation of melanization and survival of C. neoformans could be useful for future research and clinical phasing.
Identifiants
pubmed: 39017938
doi: 10.1007/s00203-024-04080-7
pii: 10.1007/s00203-024-04080-7
doi:
Substances chimiques
Melanins
0
Hydrogen Peroxide
BBX060AN9V
Laccase
EC 1.10.3.2
Tunicamycin
11089-65-9
Caspofungin
F0XDI6ZL63
Sodium Azide
968JJ8C9DV
Mercaptoethanol
60-24-2
Dithiothreitol
T8ID5YZU6Y
Lipopeptides
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
355Subventions
Organisme : Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi
ID : 09/382(0264)/2020-EMR-I
Organisme : Science & Engineering Research Board (SERB), New Delhi
ID : CRG/2020/004986
Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
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