Ten-year cardiovascular disease risk and related factors in lifetime marijuana use with comorbid methamphetamine-associated psychotic disorder: a QRISK
Cannabis
Cardiovascular diseases risk
Marijuana
Methamphetamine
NLR
Psychosis
Self-mutilation
Journal
BMC psychiatry
ISSN: 1471-244X
Titre abrégé: BMC Psychiatry
Pays: England
ID NLM: 100968559
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
19 Aug 2024
19 Aug 2024
Historique:
received:
21
06
2024
accepted:
12
08
2024
medline:
20
8
2024
pubmed:
20
8
2024
entrez:
19
8
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Methamphetamine use and related direct and indirect problems are increasing all over the world. The coexistence of lifetime marijuana use (LMU) and methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) may also be accompanied by psychotic symptoms (MAP). Methamphetamine and marijuana use are known to pose risks for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, ten-year CVD risk and inflammation markers of LMU-MUD (non-psychosis group) and LMU-MAP (psychosis group) subjects and the relationship of various sociodemographic and clinical variables with these markers have not yet been examined. Thirty-two male subjects were included in non-psychosis group and 72 male subjects in psychosis group. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were recorded. Psychotic symptom severity of psychosis group subjects was measured. The ten-year CVD risk was calculated using QRISK Age, cigarettes/pack-years, alcohol use onset age, drug use onset age, methamphetamine use onset age, duration of methamphetamine use, education and marital status of the groups were similar (p > 0.05). There was a statistical difference between the non-psychosis and psychosis groups in terms of self-mutilation history (p < 0.001), suicidal attempt history (p = 0.007), homicidal attempt history (p = 0.002), psychiatric hospitalization history (p = 0.010). Ten-year QRISK This study is important as it demonstrates for the first time that among the subjects using marijuana and methamphetamine, those with psychotic symptoms have a higher NLR and ten-year CVD risk.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Methamphetamine use and related direct and indirect problems are increasing all over the world. The coexistence of lifetime marijuana use (LMU) and methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) may also be accompanied by psychotic symptoms (MAP). Methamphetamine and marijuana use are known to pose risks for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, ten-year CVD risk and inflammation markers of LMU-MUD (non-psychosis group) and LMU-MAP (psychosis group) subjects and the relationship of various sociodemographic and clinical variables with these markers have not yet been examined.
METHODS
METHODS
Thirty-two male subjects were included in non-psychosis group and 72 male subjects in psychosis group. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were recorded. Psychotic symptom severity of psychosis group subjects was measured. The ten-year CVD risk was calculated using QRISK
RESULTS
RESULTS
Age, cigarettes/pack-years, alcohol use onset age, drug use onset age, methamphetamine use onset age, duration of methamphetamine use, education and marital status of the groups were similar (p > 0.05). There was a statistical difference between the non-psychosis and psychosis groups in terms of self-mutilation history (p < 0.001), suicidal attempt history (p = 0.007), homicidal attempt history (p = 0.002), psychiatric hospitalization history (p = 0.010). Ten-year QRISK
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
This study is important as it demonstrates for the first time that among the subjects using marijuana and methamphetamine, those with psychotic symptoms have a higher NLR and ten-year CVD risk.
Identifiants
pubmed: 39160490
doi: 10.1186/s12888-024-06018-1
pii: 10.1186/s12888-024-06018-1
doi:
Substances chimiques
Methamphetamine
44RAL3456C
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
563Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
Références
Cardiovascular diseases, World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds ). Available 6/12/2024.
Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, Addolorato G, Ammirati E, Baddour LM, et al. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990–2019: update from the GBD 2019 study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76:2982–3021.
doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010
pubmed: 33309175
pmcid: 7755038
World Drug Report 2023, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. World Drug Report 2023 (unodc.org). Available 6/12/2024.
Zhao J, Chen H, Zhuo C, Xia S. Cannabis use and the risk of cardiovascular diseases: a mendelian randomization study. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021;8:676850.
doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.676850
pubmed: 34409073
pmcid: 8366226
Schwarzbach V, Lenk K, Laufs U. Methamphetamine-related cardiovascular diseases. ESC Heart Fail. 2020;7:407–14.
doi: 10.1002/ehf2.12572
pubmed: 31950731
pmcid: 7160483
Curran L, Nah G, Marcus GM, Tseng Z, Crawford MH, Parikh NI. Clinical correlates and outcomes of methamphetamine-associated cardiovascular diseases in hospitalized patients in California. J Am Heart Assoc. 2022;11:e023663.
doi: 10.1161/JAHA.121.023663
pubmed: 35912709
pmcid: 9496303
Camfield K, Reedy A, Wolf C, Al-Tayyib A, Rinehart D, Simpson SA, et al. Diagnosis of methamphetamine-induced psychotic disorder: findings of an expert consensus panel. Early Interv Psychiatry; 2024.
Kapıcı Y, Güc B, Tekin A, Abuş S. The relationship of ten-year cardiovascular disease risk and clinical features in patients with schizophrenia. Noro Psikiyatr Ars. 2023;60:231–5.
pubmed: 37645081
pmcid: 10461760
Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C, Brindle P. Development and validation of QRISK3 risk prediction algorithms to estimate future risk of cardiovascular disease: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2017;357:j2099.
De Vita MJ, Maisto SA, Ansell EB, Zale EL, Ditre JW. Pack-years of tobacco cigarette smoking as a predictor of spontaneous pain reporting and experimental pain reactivity. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2019;27:552–60.
doi: 10.1037/pha0000258
pubmed: 30714754
pmcid: 6748874
Schulenberg JE, Merline AC, Johnston LD, O’Malley PM, Bachman JG, Laetz VB. Trajectories of marijuana use during the transition to adulthood: the big picture based on national panel data. J Drug Issues. 2005;35:255–79.
doi: 10.1177/002204260503500203
pubmed: 16534532
pmcid: 1400593
Fernández-Macías JC, Ochoa-Martínez AC, Varela-Silva JA, Pérez-Maldonado IN. Atherogenic index of plasma: novel predictive biomarker for cardiovascular illnesses. Arch Med Res. 2019;50:285–94.
doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.08.009
pubmed: 31593853
Vargas HO, Nunes SO, Barbosa DS, Vargas MM, Cestari A, Dodd S, et al. Castelli risk indexes 1 and 2 are higher in major depression but other characteristics of the metabolic syndrome are not specific to mood disorders. Life Sci. 2014;102:65–71.
doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.02.033
pubmed: 24607777
Elbir M, Alp Topbaş Ö, Bayad S, Kocabaş T, Topak OZ, Çetin Ş, et al. Adaptation and reliability of the structured clinical interview for DSM-5-Disorders - Clinician Version (SCID-5/CV) to the Turkish language. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2019;30(1):51–6. Turkish.
pubmed: 31170307
American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edition, text revision.
Kumari S, Malik M, Florival C, Manalai P, Sonje S. An assessment of five (PANSS, SAPS, SANS, NSA-16, CGI-SCH) commonly used symptoms rating scales in schizophrenia and comparison to newer scales (CAINS, BNSS). J Addict Res Ther. 2017;8:324.
doi: 10.4172/2155-6105.1000324
pubmed: 29430333
pmcid: 5805140
David AS. Insight and psychosis. Br J Psychiatry. 1990;156:798–808.
doi: 10.1192/bjp.156.6.798
pubmed: 2207510
Richter KP, Ahluwalia HK, Mosier MC, Nazir N, Ahluwalia JS. A population-based study of cigarette smoking among illicit drug users in the United States. Addiction. 2002;97:861–9.
doi: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00162.x
pubmed: 12133125
Ambrose JA, Barua RS. The pathophysiology of cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease: an update. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43(10):1731–7.
doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2003.12.047
pubmed: 15145091
Price JF, Mowbray PI, Lee AJ, Rumley A, Lowe GD, Fowkes FG. Relationship between smoking and cardiovascular risk factors in the development of peripheral arterial disease and coronary artery disease: Edinburgh Artery study. Eur Heart J. 1999;20:344–53.
doi: 10.1053/euhj.1998.1194
pubmed: 10206381
Edinoff AN, Thompson E, Merriman CE, Alvarez MR, Alpaugh ES, Cornett EM, et al. Oxytocin, a novel treatment for methamphetamine use disorder. Neurol Int. 2022;14:186–98.
doi: 10.3390/neurolint14010015
pubmed: 35225885
pmcid: 8883935
Glasner-Edwards S, Mooney LJ. Methamphetamine psychosis: epidemiology and management. CNS Drugs. 2014;28:1115–26.
doi: 10.1007/s40263-014-0209-8
pubmed: 25373627
pmcid: 5027896
Akinola PS, Tardif I, Leclerc J. Antipsychotic-induced metabolic syndrome: a review. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2023;21(6):294–305.
doi: 10.1089/met.2023.0003
pubmed: 37347965
Carli M, Kolachalam S, Longoni B, Pintaudi A, Baldini M, Aringhieri S, et al. Atypical antipsychotics and metabolic syndrome: from molecular mechanisms to clinical differences. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021;14:238.
doi: 10.3390/ph14030238
pubmed: 33800403
Yogaratnam J, Biswas N, Vadivel R, Jacob R. Metabolic complications of schizophrenia and antipsychotic medications–an updated review. East Asian Arch Psychiatry. 2013;23:21–8.
pubmed: 23535629
Zhang M, Lv D, Zhou W, Ji L, Zhou B, Chen H, et al. The levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol in methamphetamine dependence. Med (Baltim). 2017;96:e6631.
doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000006631
Mukamal K, Lazo M. Alcohol and cardiovascular disease. BMJ. 2017;356:j1340.
doi: 10.1136/bmj.j1340
pubmed: 28330843
pmcid: 6287596
Rhee SH, Hewitt JK, Young SE, Corley RP, Crowley TJ, Neale MC, et al. Comorbidity between alcohol dependence and illicit drug dependence in adolescents with antisocial behavior and matched controls. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006;84:85–92.
doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.12.003
pubmed: 16413148
Maloney E, Degenhardt L, Darke S, Nelson EC. Investigating the co-occurrence of self-mutilation and suicide attempts among opioid-dependent individuals. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2010;40:50–62.
doi: 10.1521/suli.2010.40.1.50
pubmed: 20170261
pmcid: 3073135
Al-Imam A, Motyka MA, Hoffmann B, Al-Ka’aby H, Younus M, Al-Hemiary N, et al. Risk factors of suicidal ideation in Iraqi crystal methamphetamine users. Brain Sci. 2023;13:1279.
doi: 10.3390/brainsci13091279
pubmed: 37759880
pmcid: 10526952
Radfar SR, Rawson RA. Current research on methamphetamine: epidemiology, medical and psychiatric effects, treatment, and harm reduction efforts. Addict Health. 2014;6:146–54.
pubmed: 25984282
pmcid: 4354220
Kuo CJ, Tsai SY, Liao YT, Conwell Y, Lin SK, Chang CL, et al. Risk and protective factors for suicide among patients with methamphetamine dependence: a nested case-control study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011;72:487–93.
doi: 10.4088/JCP.09m05360gry
pubmed: 20868632
Unadkat A, Subasinghe S, Harvey RJ, Castle DJ. Methamphetamine use in patients presenting to emergency departments and psychiatric inpatient facilities: what are the service implications? Australas Psychiatry. 2019;27:14–7.
doi: 10.1177/1039856218810155
pubmed: 30382752
McKetin R, McLaren J, Lubman DI, Hides L. Hostility among methamphetamine users experiencing psychotic symptoms. Am J Addict. 2008;17:235–40.
doi: 10.1080/10550490802019816
pubmed: 18464001
Gürbüzer N, Güler MC, Tör IBH. Methamphetamine use disorder and inflammation: a case-control study. Psychiatry Investig. 2024;21:513–20.
doi: 10.30773/pi.2023.0199
pubmed: 38811000
pmcid: 11136578
Turan Ç, Şenormancı G, Neşelioğlu S, Budak Y, Erel Ö, Şenormancı Ö. Oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in people with methamphetamine use disorder. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci. 2023;21:572–82.
doi: 10.9758/cpn.22.1047
pubmed: 37424424
pmcid: 10335902
Ng MH, Lu ML, Chen VC, Ting H, Huang CL, Gossop M. Lymphocyte-related ratios in methamphetamine-induced psychotic disorder in Taiwan, comparing with patients with schizophrenia. Addict Biol. 2024;29:e13363.
doi: 10.1111/adb.13363
pubmed: 38380726
pmcid: 10898829
Orum MH, Kara MZ. Monocyte to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio in opioid users and marijuana users. Dusunen Adam J Psychiatry Neurol Sci. 2020;33:139–45.
Alshaarawy O. Total and differential white blood cell count in cannabis users: results from the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005–2016. J Cannabis Res. 2019;1:6.
doi: 10.1186/s42238-019-0007-8
pubmed: 33225221
pmcid: 7678768
Amaechi RA, Babatope IO, Abulele PO. Obodo. Assessment of complete blood counts of cannabis sativa smokers in Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria. Archives Curr Res Int. 2020;20:38–48.
doi: 10.9734/acri/2020/v20i730212
McKetin R, Baker AL, Dawe S, Voce A, Lubman DI. Differences in the symptom profile of methamphetamine-related psychosis and primary psychotic disorders. Psychiatry Res. 2017;251:349–54.
doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.02.028
pubmed: 28282630
Connelly PJ, Azizi Z, Alipour P, Delles C, Pilote L, Raparelli V. The importance of gender to understand sex differences in cardiovascular disease. Can J Cardiol. 2021;37(5):699–710.
doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2021.02.005
pubmed: 33592281