Predictors of flatfoot in 11-12-year olds: a longitudinal cohort study.
CT-based 3D analysis
Elementary school student
Foot 3D scanner
Medial longitudinal arches
Journal
Biomedical engineering online
ISSN: 1475-925X
Titre abrégé: Biomed Eng Online
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101147518
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
21 Aug 2024
21 Aug 2024
Historique:
received:
17
03
2024
accepted:
09
08
2024
medline:
22
8
2024
pubmed:
22
8
2024
entrez:
21
8
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
The structures around the navicular bones, which constitute the medial longitudinal arch, develop by 10 years of age. While navicular bone height is often emphasized in the assessment of flatfoot, three-dimensional (3D) evaluations, including those of structural parameters during inversion, have rarely been investigated. If the development of flatfoot during the growth process could be predicted, appropriate interventions could be implemented. Therefore, in this longitudinal cohort study, we developed a system, utilizing smartphones, to measure the 3D structure of the foot, performed a longitudinal analysis of changes in midfoot structures in 124 children aged 9-12 years, and identified factors influencing the height of the navicular bone. The foot skeletal structure was measured using a 3D system. Over 2 years, foot length and instep height increased during development, while navicular height decreased. The 25th percentile of the instep height ratio and navicular height ratio at ages 9-10 years did not exceed those at ages 11-12 years, with percentages of 17.9% and 71.6%, respectively, for boys, and 15.8% and 49.1%, respectively, for girls. As the quartiles of the second toe-heel-navicular angle (SHN angle) increased at ages 9-10 years, the axis of the bone distance (ABD) and SHN angles at ages 11-12 years also increased, resulting in a decrease in the navicular height ratio. A significant inverse correlation was found between changes in SHN angle and navicular height ratio. These findings indicate that the navicular bone rotation of the midfoot is a predictor of the descent of the navicular bone. This study revealed that some children exhibit decreases in navicular bone height with growth. As a distinct feature, the inversion of the navicular bone promotes flattening of the midfoot. Thus, this study provides insights into changes in midfoot development in children and provides an effective evaluation index.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
The structures around the navicular bones, which constitute the medial longitudinal arch, develop by 10 years of age. While navicular bone height is often emphasized in the assessment of flatfoot, three-dimensional (3D) evaluations, including those of structural parameters during inversion, have rarely been investigated. If the development of flatfoot during the growth process could be predicted, appropriate interventions could be implemented. Therefore, in this longitudinal cohort study, we developed a system, utilizing smartphones, to measure the 3D structure of the foot, performed a longitudinal analysis of changes in midfoot structures in 124 children aged 9-12 years, and identified factors influencing the height of the navicular bone. The foot skeletal structure was measured using a 3D system.
RESULTS
RESULTS
Over 2 years, foot length and instep height increased during development, while navicular height decreased. The 25th percentile of the instep height ratio and navicular height ratio at ages 9-10 years did not exceed those at ages 11-12 years, with percentages of 17.9% and 71.6%, respectively, for boys, and 15.8% and 49.1%, respectively, for girls. As the quartiles of the second toe-heel-navicular angle (SHN angle) increased at ages 9-10 years, the axis of the bone distance (ABD) and SHN angles at ages 11-12 years also increased, resulting in a decrease in the navicular height ratio. A significant inverse correlation was found between changes in SHN angle and navicular height ratio. These findings indicate that the navicular bone rotation of the midfoot is a predictor of the descent of the navicular bone.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
This study revealed that some children exhibit decreases in navicular bone height with growth. As a distinct feature, the inversion of the navicular bone promotes flattening of the midfoot. Thus, this study provides insights into changes in midfoot development in children and provides an effective evaluation index.
Identifiants
pubmed: 39169367
doi: 10.1186/s12938-024-01282-4
pii: 10.1186/s12938-024-01282-4
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
83Subventions
Organisme : Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
ID : 23K19225
Organisme : Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
ID : 22H03995
Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
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