MRS-assessed brain GABA modulation in response to task performance and learning.
GABA
Glutamate
Learning
MRS
Neurochemical modulation
Performance
Repeated measures
Journal
Behavioral and brain functions : BBF
ISSN: 1744-9081
Titre abrégé: Behav Brain Funct
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101245751
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
31 Aug 2024
31 Aug 2024
Historique:
received:
23
11
2023
accepted:
16
08
2024
medline:
1
9
2024
pubmed:
1
9
2024
entrez:
31
8
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the most important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the human brain, has long been considered essential in human behavior in general and learning in particular. GABA concentration can be quantified using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Using this technique, numerous studies have reported associations between baseline GABA levels and various human behaviors. However, regional GABA concentration is not fixed and may exhibit rapid modulation as a function of environmental factors. Hence, quantification of GABA levels at several time points during the performance of tasks can provide insights into the dynamics of GABA levels in distinct brain regions. This review reports on findings from studies using repeated measures (n = 41) examining the dynamic modulation of GABA levels in humans in response to various interventions in the perceptual, motor, and cognitive domains to explore associations between GABA modulation and human behavior. GABA levels in a specific brain area may increase or decrease during task performance or as a function of learning, depending on its precise involvement in the process under investigation. Here, we summarize the available evidence and derive two overarching hypotheses regarding the role of GABA modulation in performance and learning. Firstly, training-induced increases in GABA levels appear to be associated with an improved ability to differentiate minor perceptual differences during perceptual learning. This observation gives rise to the 'GABA increase for better neural distinctiveness hypothesis'. Secondly, converging evidence suggests that reducing GABA levels may play a beneficial role in effectively filtering perceptual noise, enhancing motor learning, and improving performance in visuomotor tasks. Additionally, some studies suggest that the reduction of GABA levels is related to better working memory and successful reinforcement learning. These observations inspire the 'GABA decrease to boost learning hypothesis', which states that decreasing neural inhibition through a reduction of GABA in dedicated brain areas facilitates human learning. Additionally, modulation of GABA levels is also observed after short-term physical exercise. Future work should elucidate which specific circumstances induce robust GABA modulation to enhance neuroplasticity and boost performance.
Identifiants
pubmed: 39217354
doi: 10.1186/s12993-024-00248-9
pii: 10.1186/s12993-024-00248-9
doi:
Substances chimiques
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
56-12-2
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
22Subventions
Organisme : China Scholarship Council
ID : 201906170063
Organisme : Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
ID : K174216N
Organisme : Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
ID : G089818N
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : K99 EB028828
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : R01 EB023963
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIBIB NIH HHS
ID : R01 EB016089
Pays : United States
Organisme : KU Leuven Research Fund
ID : C16/15/070
Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
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