Smoking, all-cause, and cause-specific mortality in individuals with diabetes in Mexico: an analysis of the Mexico city prospective study.
Diabetes
Mexican population
Mortality
Smoking
Journal
BMC public health
ISSN: 1471-2458
Titre abrégé: BMC Public Health
Pays: England
ID NLM: 100968562
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
02 Sep 2024
02 Sep 2024
Historique:
received:
05
03
2024
accepted:
19
07
2024
medline:
3
9
2024
pubmed:
3
9
2024
entrez:
2
9
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Evidence from low- and middle-income countries regarding the effect of smoking in people with diabetes is lacking. Here, we report the association of smoking with mortality in a large cohort of Mexican adults with diabetes. Participants with diabetes mellitus (self-reported diagnosis, use of antidiabetic medications or HbA1c ≥ 6.5%) aged 35-74 years when recruited into the Mexico City Prospective Study were included. Cox regression confounder-adjusted mortality rate ratios (RRs) associated with baseline smoking status were estimated. Among 15,975 women and 8225 men aged 35-74 years with diabetes but no other comorbidities at recruitment, 2498 (16%) women and 2875 (35%) men reported former smoking and 2753 (17%) women, and 3796 (46%) men reported current smoking. During a median of 17 years of follow-up there were 5087 deaths at ages 35-74 years. Compared with never smoking, all-cause mortality RR was 1.08 (95%CI 1.01-1.17) for former smoking, 1.11 (95%CI 1.03-1.20) for current smoking, 1.09 (95%CI 0.99-1.20) for non-daily smoking, 1.06 (95%CI 0.96-1.16) for smoking < 10 cigarettes/day (median during follow-up 4 cigarettes/day), and 1.28 (95% CI 1.14-1.43) for smoking ≥ 10 cigarettes/day (median during follow-up 15 cigarettes/day). Mortality risk among daily smokers was greatest for COPD, lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and acute diabetic complications. In this cohort of Mexican adults with diabetes, low-intensity daily smoking was associated with increased mortality, despite observing smoking patterns which are different from other populations, and over 5% of total deaths were associated with smoking.
Identifiants
pubmed: 39223469
doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-19536-0
pii: 10.1186/s12889-024-19536-0
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
2383Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
Références
International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas. 10th ed. Internatinonal Diabetes Federation; 2021.
Bello-Chavolla OY, Rojas-Martinez R, Aguilar-Salinas C, Hernández-Avila M. Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in Mexico. Nutr Rev. 2017;75(suppl 1). https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuw030 .
Shamah-Levy T, Romero-Martínez M, Barrientos-Gutierrez T. Encuesta Nacional De Salud Y Nutrición 2021 Sobre Covid-19. Resultados Nacionales. Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública; 2022.
ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Aroda VR, et al. 5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health outcomes: standards of Care in Diabetes—2023. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(Supplement1):S68–96. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc23-S005 .
doi: 10.2337/dc23-S005
pubmed: 36507648
Zavala-Arciniega L, Reynales-Shigematsu LM, Levy DT, et al. Smoking trends in Mexico, 2002–2016: before and after the ratification of the WHO’s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Tob Control. 2020;29(6):687–91. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055153 .
doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055153
pubmed: 32019893
Thomson B, Tapia-Conyer R, Lacey B, et al. Low-intensity daily smoking and cause-specific mortality in Mexico: prospective study of 150 000 adults. Int J Epidemiol. 2021;50(3):955–64. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyab013 .
doi: 10.1093/ije/dyab013
pubmed: 33659992
pmcid: 8271211
Tapia-Conyer R, Kuri-Morales P, Alegre-Díaz J, et al. Cohort Profile: the Mexico City prospective study. Int J Epidemiol. 2006;35(2):243–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyl042 .
doi: 10.1093/ije/dyl042
pubmed: 16556648
Aguilar-Ramirez D, Alegre-Díaz J, Gnatiuc L, et al. Changes in the diagnosis and management of diabetes in Mexico City between 1998–2004 and 2015–2019. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(4):944–51. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-2276 .
doi: 10.2337/dc20-2276
pubmed: 33568401
pmcid: 7985415
Herrington WG, Alegre-Díaz J, Wade R, et al. Effect of diabetes duration and glycaemic control on 14-year cause-specific mortality in Mexican adults: a blood-based prospective cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018;6(6):455–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30050-0 .
doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30050-0
pubmed: 29567074
pmcid: 5966587
Youngman LD, Clark S, Manley S, Peto R, Collins R. Reliable Measurement of Glycated Hemoglobin in Frozen Blood samples: implications for epidemiologic studies. Clin Chem. 2002;48(9):1627–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/48.9.1627 .
doi: 10.1093/clinchem/48.9.1627
pubmed: 12194959
Alegre-Díaz J, Herrington W, López-Cervantes M, et al. Diabetes and cause-specific mortality in Mexico City. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(20):1961–71. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1605368 .
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1605368
pubmed: 27959614
pmcid: 5215048
ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Aroda VR, et al. 2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of Care in Diabetes—2023. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(Supplement1):S19–40. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc23-S002 .
doi: 10.2337/dc23-S002
pubmed: 36507649
Ahlqvist E, Storm P, Käräjämäki A, et al. Novel subgroups of adult-onset diabetes and their association with outcomes: a data-driven cluster analysis of six variables. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018;6(5):361–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30051-2 .
doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30051-2
pubmed: 29503172
Carstensen B. Epidemiology with R. Oxford University Press; 2021.
Lash TL, VanderWeele TJ, Haneuse S, Rothman KJ, editors. Modern Epidemiology. Fourth edition. Wolters Kluwer; 2021.
Plummer M. Improved estimates of floating absolute risk. Stat Med. 2004;23(1):93–104. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.1485 .
doi: 10.1002/sim.1485
pubmed: 14695642
Doll R, Peto R, Boreham J, Sutherland I. Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years’ observations on male British doctors. BMJ. 2004;328(7455):1519. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38142.554479.AE .
doi: 10.1136/bmj.38142.554479.AE
pubmed: 15213107
pmcid: 437139
Jha P, Ramasundarahettige C, Landsman V, et al. 21st-Century hazards of smoking and benefits of Cessation in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(4):341–50. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsa1211128 .
doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa1211128
pubmed: 23343063
Al-Delaimy WK, Willett WC, Manson JE, Speizer FE, Hu FB. Smoking and mortality among women with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2001;24(12):2043–8. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.24.12.2043 .
doi: 10.2337/diacare.24.12.2043
pubmed: 11723080
Vazquez-Benitez G, Desai JR, Xu S, et al. Preventable Major Cardiovascular events Associated with uncontrolled glucose, blood pressure, and lipids and active smoking in adults with diabetes with and without Cardiovascular Disease: a contemporary analysis. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(5):905–12. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc14-1877 .
doi: 10.2337/dc14-1877
pubmed: 25710922
pmcid: 4876667
Rawshani A, Rawshani A, Franzén S, et al. Risk factors, mortality, and Cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(7):633–44. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1800256 .
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1800256
pubmed: 30110583
Pan A, Wang Y, Talaei M, Hu FB. Relation of Smoking with Total Mortality and Cardiovascular events among patients with diabetes Mellitus: a Meta-analysis and systematic review. Circulation. 2015;132(19):1795–804. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.017926 .
doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.017926
pubmed: 26311724
pmcid: 4643392
Qin R, Chen T, Lou Q, Yu D. Excess risk of mortality and cardiovascular events associated with smoking among patients with diabetes: Meta-analysis of observational prospective studies. Int J Cardiol. 2013;167(2):342–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.12.100 .
doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.12.100
pubmed: 22251416
Umpierrez G, Korytkowski M. Diabetic emergencies — ketoacidosis, hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state and hypoglycaemia. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2016;12(4):222–32. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2016.15 .
doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.15
pubmed: 26893262
Dhatariya KK, Glaser NS, Codner E, Umpierrez GE. Diabetic ketoacidosis. Nat Rev Dis Primer. 2020;6(1):40. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-020-0165-1 .
doi: 10.1038/s41572-020-0165-1
Younossi ZM, Golabi P, De Avila L, et al. The global epidemiology of NAFLD and NASH in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hepatol. 2019;71(4):793–801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2019.06.021 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.06.021
pubmed: 31279902
Barb D, Repetto EM, Stokes ME, Shankar SS, Cusi K. Type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of hepatic fibrosis in individuals with obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Obesity. 2021;29(11):1950–60. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23263 .
doi: 10.1002/oby.23263
pubmed: 34553836
Okamoto M, Miyake T, Kitai K et al. Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for the onset of fatty liver disease in nondrinkers: A longitudinal cohort study. Vinciguerra M, ed. PLOS ONE. 2018;13(4):e0195147. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195147 .
Yuan S, Chen J, Li X, et al. Lifestyle and metabolic factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: mendelian randomization study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2022;37(7):723–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-022-00868-3 .
doi: 10.1007/s10654-022-00868-3
pubmed: 35488966
pmcid: 9329390
Kanwal F, Shubrook JH, Younossi Z, et al. Preparing for the NASH Epidemic: a call to action. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(9):2162–72. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci21-0020 .
doi: 10.2337/dci21-0020
pubmed: 34312182
Ley General para el Control del Tabaco. Published online 2008. https://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf/LGCT.pdf .
World Health Organization. WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2023. World Health Organization; 2023.
Barrera-Núñez DA, López-Olmedo N, Zavala-Arciniega L, Barrientos-Gutiérrez I, Reynales-Shigematsu LM. Consumo De tabaco y uso de cigarro electrónico en adolescentes y adultos mexicanos. Ensanut Continua 2022. Salud Pública México. 2023;65:s65–74. https://doi.org/10.21149/14830 .
doi: 10.21149/14830
Bae J. Differences in cigarette Use behaviors by Age at the time of diagnosis with diabetes from Young Adulthood to Adulthood: results from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. J Prev Med Pub Health. 2013;46(5):249–60. https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2013.46.5.249 .
doi: 10.3961/jpmph.2013.46.5.249
Stanton CA, Keith DR, Gaalema DE, et al. Trends in tobacco use among US adults with chronic health conditions: National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2005–2013. Prev Med. 2016;92:160–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.04.008 .
doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.04.008
pubmed: 27090919
pmcid: 5065737
Tonstad S, Lawrence D. Varenicline in smokers with diabetes: a pooled analysis of 15 randomized, placebo-controlled studies of varenicline. J Diabetes Investig. 2017;8(1):93–100. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.12543 .
doi: 10.1111/jdi.12543
pubmed: 27223809