Effectiveness of eLearning programme for capacity building of healthcare professionals: a systematic review.
Barriers
Capacity building
Effectiveness
Healthcare professionals
eLearning
Journal
Human resources for health
ISSN: 1478-4491
Titre abrégé: Hum Resour Health
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101170535
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
02 Sep 2024
02 Sep 2024
Historique:
received:
11
12
2023
accepted:
19
05
2024
medline:
3
9
2024
pubmed:
3
9
2024
entrez:
2
9
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
The effectiveness of eLearning in enhancing healthcare professionals' capacity has received substantial attention globally. This review sought to synthesis evidence on the effectiveness of various types of eLearning programmes, and the facilitators and barriers to its use. The review was guided by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Four main databases (PubMed, Web of Science, JSTOR, and Scopus) in July 2023 and 44 articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. The JBI critical appraisal checklist was used to appraise the methodological quality of the studies. The data were examined using narrative review to determine the effectiveness of the intervention as well as the barriers and facilitators to its use. This review found that asynchronous, synchronous, blended, and self-learning methodologies are effective eLearning approaches for continuous professional development. Previous positive experiences, user-friendly interfaces and relevance of the eLearning content to daily practice are critical elements that facilitate eLearning usage. Poor computer competence and literacy, lack of personal computers and high family duties were the main personal factors that hindered eLearning use. Some systemic barriers included; heavy workloads, shortage of specialised eLearning facilitators poor management involvement, and technical inadequacies within the ICT departments. Environmental issues such as poor infrastructure, including limited internet and frequent power outages acted as barriers. The review highlights the effectiveness of various eLearning approaches among health professionals and presents the disparities between developing and developed economies in relation to the facilitators and barriers.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
The effectiveness of eLearning in enhancing healthcare professionals' capacity has received substantial attention globally. This review sought to synthesis evidence on the effectiveness of various types of eLearning programmes, and the facilitators and barriers to its use.
METHODS
METHODS
The review was guided by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Four main databases (PubMed, Web of Science, JSTOR, and Scopus) in July 2023 and 44 articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. The JBI critical appraisal checklist was used to appraise the methodological quality of the studies. The data were examined using narrative review to determine the effectiveness of the intervention as well as the barriers and facilitators to its use.
RESULTS
RESULTS
This review found that asynchronous, synchronous, blended, and self-learning methodologies are effective eLearning approaches for continuous professional development. Previous positive experiences, user-friendly interfaces and relevance of the eLearning content to daily practice are critical elements that facilitate eLearning usage. Poor computer competence and literacy, lack of personal computers and high family duties were the main personal factors that hindered eLearning use. Some systemic barriers included; heavy workloads, shortage of specialised eLearning facilitators poor management involvement, and technical inadequacies within the ICT departments. Environmental issues such as poor infrastructure, including limited internet and frequent power outages acted as barriers.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
The review highlights the effectiveness of various eLearning approaches among health professionals and presents the disparities between developing and developed economies in relation to the facilitators and barriers.
Identifiants
pubmed: 39223555
doi: 10.1186/s12960-024-00924-x
pii: 10.1186/s12960-024-00924-x
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Systematic Review
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
60Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
Références
Agarwal R, Agarwal U, Das C, Reddy RA, Pant R, Ho C, Kumar BR, Dabla V, Moonan PK, Nyendak M, Anand S, Puri AK, Mattoo SK, Sachdeva KS, Yeldandi VV, Sarin R. Building communities of practice through case-based eLearning to prevent and manage TB among people living with HIV–India. BMC Infect Dis. 2022;22(1):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07957-4 .
doi: 10.1186/s12879-022-07957-4
Akselrod S, Collins TE, Hoe C, Seyer J, Tulenko K, Ortenzi F, Berlina D, Sobel H. Building an interdisciplinary workforce for prevention and control of non-communicable diseases: the role of eLearning. BMJ (Clin Res Ed). 2023;381: e071071. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2022-071071 .
doi: 10.1136/bmj-2022-071071
Amoadu M, Ansah EW, Assopiah P, Acquah P, Ansah JE, Berchie E, et al. Socio-cultural factors influencing adolescent pregnancy in Ghana: a scoping review. BMC Pregn Childbirth. 2022;22(1):1–13.
doi: 10.1186/s12884-022-05172-2
Arithra Abdullah A, Nor J, Baladas J, Tg Hamzah TMA, Tuan Kamauzaman TH, Md Noh AY, Rahman A. E-learning in advanced cardiac life support: outcome and attitude among healthcare professionals. Hong Kong J Emerg Med. 2020;27(6):328–33.
doi: 10.1177/1024907919857666
Arksey H, O’Malley L. Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. Int J Soc Res Methodol Theory Pract. 2005;8(1):19–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000119616 .
doi: 10.1080/1364557032000119616
Asemahagn MA. SM Gr up challenges of ICTs utilization among SM Journal of Public Health and Health Professionals: the case of public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. SM J Public Health Epidemiol. 2015;1(3):36–41.
Barteit S, Hoepffner P, Huwendiek S, Karamagi A, Munthali C, Theurer A, Neuhann F. Self-directed e-learning at a tertiary hospital in Malawi—a qualitative evaluation and lessons learned. GMS Zeitschrift fur medizinische Ausbildung. 2015;32(1). https://doi.org/10.3205/zma000949
Burkardt AD, Krause N, Rivas Velarde MC. Critical success factors for the implementation and adoption of e-learning for junior health care workers in Dadaab refugee camp Kenya. Hum Resour Health. 2019;17:1–10.
doi: 10.1186/s12960-019-0435-8
Chang WY, Sheen STH, Chang PC, Lee PH. Developing an e-learning education programme for staff nurses: processes and outcomes. Nurse Educ Today. 2008;28(7):822–8.
doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2008.02.003
pubmed: 18384917
Chase W, Zurmehly J, Amaya M, Browning KK. Implementation of a smoking cessation e-learning education program for oncology clinic healthcare providers: evaluation with implications for evidence-based practice. Worldviews Evid-Based Nurs. 2020;17(6):476–82.
doi: 10.1111/wvn.12476
pubmed: 33215842
Chernysh T, Opitz L, Riabtseva N, Raab M, Pavlova M. Experience with the implementation of continuous medical education among mother-and-child healthcare providers in Ukraine: a case study based on two international collaboration initiatives. Healthcare (Switzerland). 2023;11(13):1964. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11131964 .
doi: 10.3390/healthcare11131964
Choi S, Yuen HM, Annan R, Pickup T, Pulman A, Monroy-Valle M, et al. Effectiveness of the malnutrition eLearning course for global capacity building in the management of malnutrition: cross-country interrupted time-series study. J Med Internet Res. 2018;20(10):e10396.
doi: 10.2196/10396
pubmed: 30282620
pmcid: 6231886
Colaceci S, Giusti A, Chapin EM, Bettinelli ME, De Angelis A, Zambri F, et al. E-learning to improve healthcare professionals’ attitudes and practices on breastfeeding. Breastfeed Med. 2017;12(10):629–36.
doi: 10.1089/bfm.2017.0060
pubmed: 28926281
Colaceci S, Zambri F, D’Amore C, De Angelis A, Rasi F, Pucciarelli G, Giusti A. Long-term effectiveness of an e-learning program in improving health care professionals’ attitudes and practices on breastfeeding: a 1-year follow-up study. Breastfeed Med. 2020;15(4):254–60.
doi: 10.1089/bfm.2019.0203
pubmed: 32043898
Daniel D, Wolbrink T. Comparison of healthcare professionals’ motivations for using different online learning materials. Pediatr Investig. 2019;3(02):96–101.
doi: 10.1002/ped4.12131
pubmed: 32851299
pmcid: 7331400
de Beurs DP, de Groot MH, de Keijser J, Mokkenstorm J, van Duijn E, de Winter RF, Kerkhof AJ. The effect of an e-learning supported train-the-trainer programme on implementation of suicide guidelines in mental health care. J Affect Disord. 2015;175:446–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.01.046 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.01.046
pubmed: 25679199
Delf P. Designing effective eLearning for healthcare professionals. Radiography. 2013;19(4):315–20.
doi: 10.1016/j.radi.2013.06.002
Detroyer E, Dobbels F, Debonnaire D, Irving K, Teodorczuk A, Fick DM, et al. The effect of an interactive delirium e-learning tool on healthcare workers’ delirium recognition, knowledge and strain in caring for delirious patients: a pilot pre-test/post-test study. BMC Med Educ. 2016;16:1–10.
doi: 10.1186/s12909-016-0537-0
Doherty M, Lynch-Godrei A, Azad T, Ladha F, Ferdous L, Ara R, Richardson K, Groninger H. Using virtual learning to develop palliative care skills among humanitarian health workers in the Rohingya refugee response in Bangladesh. J Med Educ Curric Dev. 2022;9:238212052210960. https://doi.org/10.1177/23821205221096099 .
doi: 10.1177/23821205221096099
Erlandsson K, Wells MB, Wagoro MC, Kadango A, Blomgren J, Friberg IO, et al. Implementing an internet-based capacity-building program for interdisciplinary midwifery-lead teams in Ethiopia, Kenya Malawi and Somalia. Sexual Reprod Healthcare. 2021;30:100670.
doi: 10.1016/j.srhc.2021.100670
Fapohunda A, Fakolade A, Ilegbune O. Leveraging eLearning tools to improve cervical and breast cancer screening and diagnosis in Lagos, Nigeria. Cities Health. 2022;6(2):282–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2021.1907500 .
doi: 10.1080/23748834.2021.1907500
Fourré A, Fierens A, Michielsen J, Ris L, Dierick F, Roussel N. An interactive eLearning module to promote bio-psycho-social management of low back pain in healthcare professionals: a pilot study. J Manual Manipulative Thera. 2022;30(2):105–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/10669817.2021.1988397 .
doi: 10.1080/10669817.2021.1988397
Gagnon MP, Légaré F, Labrecque M, Frémont P, Cauchon M, Desmartis M. Perceived barriers to completing an e-learning program on evidence-based medicine. Inf Prim Care. 2007;15(2):83–91. https://doi.org/10.14236/jhi.v15i2.646 .
doi: 10.14236/jhi.v15i2.646
Gupta M, Marsden S, Oluka T, Sharma R, Lucas H. Lessons learned from implementing E-learning for the education of health professionals in resource-constrained countries. Electron J e-Learn. 2017;15(2):144–55.
Harerimana A, Mtshali NG. Implementing e-learning in resource-constrained nursing education institutions in Rwanda. Res Rev J Nurs Health Sci. 2018;4(1):1–14.
Hong QN, Pluye P, Fàbregues S, Bartlett G, Boardman F, Cargo M, Dagenais P, Gagnon M-P, Griffiths F, Nicolau B, Rousseau M-C, Vedel I. Mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT) version 2018 User guide. 2018; pp. 1–11. http://mixedmethodsappraisaltoolpublic.pbworks.com/ .
Hugenholtz NI, de Croon EM, Smits PB, van Dijk FJ, Nieuwenhuijsen K. Effectiveness of e-learning in continuing medical education for occupational physicians. Occup Med (Oxford, England). 2008;58(5):370–2. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqn053 .
doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqn053
Hurley DA, Keogh A, Mc Ardle D, Hall AM, Richmond H, Guerin S, et al. Evaluation of an e-learning training program to support implementation of a group-based, theory-driven, self-management intervention for osteoarthritis and low-back pain: pre-post study. J Med Internet Res. 2019;21(3): e11123.
doi: 10.2196/11123
pubmed: 30843863
pmcid: 6427104
Ionescu A, De Jong PGM, Drop SLS, Van Kampen SC. A scoping review of the use of eLearning and e-consultation for healthcare workers in low- and middle-income countries and their potential complementarity. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2022;29(4):713–22. https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocab271 .
doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocab271
pubmed: 34966930
Joanna Briggs Institute [JBI]. Critical appraisal tools. 2020. Available from: https://jbi.global/critical-appraisal-tools .
Jones SE, Campbell PK, Kimp AJ, Bennell K, Foster NE, Russell T, Hinman RS. Evaluation of a novel e-learning program for physiotherapists to manage knee osteoarthritis via telehealth: qualitative study nested in the PEAK (Physiotherapy Exercise and Physical Activity for Knee Osteoarthritis) randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(4): e25872. https://doi.org/10.2196/25872 .
doi: 10.2196/25872
pubmed: 33929326
pmcid: 8122295
Kulier R, Coppus SF, Zamora J, Hadley J, Malick S, Das K, et al. The effectiveness of a clinically integrated e-learning course in evidence-based medicine: a cluster randomised controlled trial. BMC Med Educ. 2009;9:1–7.
doi: 10.1186/1472-6920-9-21
Mahdavi Mahdavi Ardestani SF, Adibi S, Golshan A, Sadeghian P. Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of E-Learning in Healthcare: A Fuzzy ANP Study. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland). 2023;11(14):2035. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11142035 .
doi: 10.3390/healthcare11142035
McCaughan EM, Flannagan C, Parahoo K, Bingham SL, Brady N, Connaghan J, et al. Effects of a brief e-learning resource on sexual attitudes and beliefs of healthcare professionals working in prostate cancer care: a pilot study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(19):10045.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph181910045
pubmed: 34639350
pmcid: 8508566
Meaney PA, Masenge T, Mwanga J, Kalabamu FS, Berg M, Rozenfeld B, Smith Z, Chami N, Mkopi N. Development of pediatric acute care education (PACE): An adaptive electronic learning (eLearning) environment for healthcare providers in Tanzania. Digital Health. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076231180471 .
doi: 10.1177/20552076231180471
pubmed: 37529543
pmcid: 10387696
Millimouno TM, Delamou A, Kourouma K, Kolié JM, Béavogui AH, Roegiers S, Garcia M, Tsunami CK, Van Bastelaere S, Van Damme W, Delvaux T. Outcomes of blended learning for capacity strengthening of health professionals in Guinea. BMC Med Educ. 2021;21(1):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-021-02847-w .
doi: 10.1186/s12909-021-02847-w
Nesterowicz K, Librowski T, Edelbring S. Validating e-learning in continuing pharmacy education: user acceptance and knowledge change. BMC Med Educ. 2014;14:33. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-14-33 .
doi: 10.1186/1472-6920-14-33
pubmed: 24528547
pmcid: 3927623
Nicolaou M, Armstrong R, Hassell AB, Walker D, Birrell F. Musculoskeletal health professional use of internet resources for personal and patient education: results from an online national survey. Open Rheumatol J. 2012;6:190.
pubmed: 22970071
pmcid: 3415626
O’Connor ME, Brown EW, Lewin LO. An Internet-based education program improves the breastfeeding knowledge of maternal–child healthcare providers. Breastfeed Med. 2011;6(6):421–7.
doi: 10.1089/bfm.2010.0061
pubmed: 21029021
Oluwadele OD. Assessing the influence of e-learning on the performance of healthcare professionals: a case study of UKZN-NORHED collaboration. 2017 (Doctoral dissertation).
Osman BA. The effectiveness of e-learning in training and development of midwives in Ghana health service, Ashanti region. 2017 (Doctoral dissertation).
Otu A, Okuzu O, Effa E, Ebenso B, Ameh S, Nihalani N, Walley J. Training health workers at scale in Nigeria to fight COVID-19 using the InStrat COVID-19 tutorial app: an e-health interventional study. Therapeut Adv Infect Dis. 2021;8:20499361211040704.
Pereira CA, Wen CL, Tavares H. Alcohol abuse management in primary care: an e-learning course. Telemed e-Health. 2015;21(3):200–6.
doi: 10.1089/tmj.2014.0042
Perkins GD, Fullerton JN, Davis-Gomez N, Davies RP, Baldock C, Stevens H, Bullock I, Lockey AS. The effect of pre-course e-learning before advanced life support training: a randomised controlled trial. Resuscitation. 2010;81(7):877–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.03.019 .
doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.03.019
pubmed: 20409627
Reid MJ, Flam R, Tsiouris F. New models for medical education: web-based conferencing to support HIV training in Sub-Saharan Africa. Telemed e-Health. 2012;18(7):565–9.
doi: 10.1089/tmj.2011.0200
Rohwer A, Motaze NV, Rehfuess E, Young T. E-learning of evidence-based health care (EBHC) to increase EBHC competencies in healthcare professionals: a systematic review. Campbell Syst Rev. 2017;13(1):1–147. https://doi.org/10.4073/csr.2017.4 .
doi: 10.4073/csr.2017.4
Rouleau G, Gagnon MP, Côté J, Payne-Gagnon J, Hudson E, Bouix-Picasso J, Dubois CA. Effects of eLearning in a continuing education context on nursing care: a review of systematic qualitative, quantitative and mixed studies reviews (protocol). BMJ Open. 2017;7(10): e018441. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018441 .
doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018441
pubmed: 29042394
pmcid: 5652594
Salehi R, de Young S, Asamoah A, Aryee SE, Eli R, Couper B, Smith B, Djokoto C, Agyeman YN, Zakaria AFS, Butt N, Boadu A, Nyante F, Merdiemah G, Oliver-Commey J, Ofori-Boadu L, Akoriyea SK, Parry M, Fiore C, et al. Evaluation of a continuing professional development strategy on COVID-19 for 10 000 health workers in Ghana: a two-pronged approach. Human Resour Health. 2023;21(1):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-023-00804-w .
doi: 10.1186/s12960-023-00804-w
Sinclair P, Kable A, Levett-Jones T. The effectiveness of internet-based eLearning on clinician behavior and patient outcomes: a systematic review protocol. JBI Database Syst Rev Implement Rep. 2015;13(1):52–64. https://doi.org/10.11124/jbisrir-2015-1919 .
doi: 10.11124/jbisrir-2015-1919
Syed S, Rastogi A, Bansal A, Kumar A, Jindal A, Prakash A, Agarwal G, Varshney M. Future of eLearning in medical education—perception, readiness, and challenges in a developing country. Front Educ. 2021;6(March):1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.598309 .
doi: 10.3389/feduc.2021.598309
Tchernegovski P, Reupert A, Maybery D. “Let’s Talk about Children”: a pilot evaluation of an e-learning resource for mental health clinicians. Clin Psychol. 2015;19(1):49–58.
doi: 10.1111/cp.12050
Tirmizi SN, Khoja S, Patten S, Yousafzai AW, Scott RE, Durrani H, et al. Mobile-based blended learning for capacity building of health providers in rural Afghanistan. Mhealth. 2017;3:14.
doi: 10.21037/mhealth.2017.04.01
pubmed: 28567411
pmcid: 5427181
Tomblin Murphy G, Mtey G, Nyamtema A, LeBlanc J, Rigby J, Abel Z, Mselle LT. Building leadership and managerial capacity for maternal and newborn health services. BMC Health Serv Res. 2022;22(1):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08448-7 .
doi: 10.1186/s12913-022-08448-7
Tsai A. An integrated e-learning solution for healthcare professionals. Afr J Bus Manage. 2012;6(27):8163.
Unge J, Lundh P, Gummesson C, Amnér G. Learning spaces for health sciences—what is the role of eLearning in physiotherapy and occupational therapy education? A literature review. Phys Thera Rev. 2018;23(1):50–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/10833196.2018.1447423 .
doi: 10.1080/10833196.2018.1447423
Van De Steeg L, IJjkema R, Langelaan M, Wagner C. Can an e-learning course improve nursing care for older people at risk of delirium: a stepped wedge cluster randomised trial. BMC Geriatr. 2014;14:1–8.
Vaona A, Rigon G, Banzi R, Kwag KH, Cereda D, Pecoraro V, Moja L, Bonovas S. ELearning for health professionals. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011736 .
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011736
Wang ZY, Zhang LJ, Liu YH, Jiang WX, Jia JY, Tang SL, Liu XY. The effectiveness of E-learning in continuing medical education for tuberculosis health workers: a quasi-experiment from China. Infect Dis Poverty. 2021;10(1):72.
doi: 10.1186/s40249-021-00855-y
pubmed: 34006313
pmcid: 8129609
Watkins AL, Dodgson JE, McClain DB. Online lactation education for healthcare providers: a theoretical approach to understanding learning outcomes. J Hum Lact. 2017;33(4):725–35.
doi: 10.1177/0890334417724348
pubmed: 28938078
Yu S, Chen IJ, Yang KF, Wang TF, Yen LL. A feasibility study on the adoption of e-learning for public health nurse continuing education in Taiwan. Nurse Educ Today. 2007;27(7):755–61.
doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2006.10.016
pubmed: 17175074