Effects of a Paleolithic diet compared to a diabetes diet on leptin binding inhibition in secondary analysis of a randomised cross-over study.
BioLep
Leptin
Leptin resistance
Paleolithic diet
Type 2 diabetes
Wheat gluten
Journal
BMC endocrine disorders
ISSN: 1472-6823
Titre abrégé: BMC Endocr Disord
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101088676
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
04 Sep 2024
04 Sep 2024
Historique:
received:
05
04
2024
accepted:
30
08
2024
medline:
5
9
2024
pubmed:
5
9
2024
entrez:
4
9
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Beneficial effects from practising a Paleolithic diet as compared to a diabetes diet on weight, waist circumference, satiety, leptin, HbA1c and glucose control in randomised controlled trial participants with type 2 diabetes could be due to lower leptin resistance. Support for this hypothesis comes from an in vitro experiment that showed that digested wheat gluten, which is excluded from a Paleolithic diet, inhibits leptin from binding to its receptor, thus indicating a possible dietary cause of leptin resistance. However, the clinical relevance of the latter finding is unclear since removal of enzyme activity from the gluten digest by heat treatment also abolished leptin binding inhibition. Assessment of leptin binding inhibition in vivo is possible by comparison of total leptin levels with those of 'biologically active' leptin bound to its receptor (bioLep). To assess the effects of a Paleolithic diet compared to a diabetes diet on leptin binding inhibition and to replicate our in vitro study. BioLep and total leptin levels were measured in secondary analysis of fasting plasma samples from our open label random order three plus three-month long cross-over trial performed in 2005-2007, that compared a Paleolithic diet with a diabetes diet in participants with type 2 diabetes without insulin treatment (per protocol). BioLep was also measured in vitro for known recombinant leptin concentrations incubated with a series of concentrations of 10 kDa spin-filtered digested wheat gluten, with or without prior heat treatment, at 100ºC for 30 min and centrifugation. There was no difference between diets when comparing differences between bioLep and total leptin levels and their ratio in the 13 participants, three women and 10 men, aged 52-74 years with a mean BMI of 30 kg/m We found no leptin binding inhibition after the Paleolithic or diabetes diet, possibly due to its abolishment from cooking-related heat treatment of wheat gluten. Registered on 14/02/2007 at ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00435240.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Beneficial effects from practising a Paleolithic diet as compared to a diabetes diet on weight, waist circumference, satiety, leptin, HbA1c and glucose control in randomised controlled trial participants with type 2 diabetes could be due to lower leptin resistance. Support for this hypothesis comes from an in vitro experiment that showed that digested wheat gluten, which is excluded from a Paleolithic diet, inhibits leptin from binding to its receptor, thus indicating a possible dietary cause of leptin resistance. However, the clinical relevance of the latter finding is unclear since removal of enzyme activity from the gluten digest by heat treatment also abolished leptin binding inhibition. Assessment of leptin binding inhibition in vivo is possible by comparison of total leptin levels with those of 'biologically active' leptin bound to its receptor (bioLep).
OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVE
To assess the effects of a Paleolithic diet compared to a diabetes diet on leptin binding inhibition and to replicate our in vitro study.
METHODS
METHODS
BioLep and total leptin levels were measured in secondary analysis of fasting plasma samples from our open label random order three plus three-month long cross-over trial performed in 2005-2007, that compared a Paleolithic diet with a diabetes diet in participants with type 2 diabetes without insulin treatment (per protocol). BioLep was also measured in vitro for known recombinant leptin concentrations incubated with a series of concentrations of 10 kDa spin-filtered digested wheat gluten, with or without prior heat treatment, at 100ºC for 30 min and centrifugation.
RESULTS
RESULTS
There was no difference between diets when comparing differences between bioLep and total leptin levels and their ratio in the 13 participants, three women and 10 men, aged 52-74 years with a mean BMI of 30 kg/m
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
We found no leptin binding inhibition after the Paleolithic or diabetes diet, possibly due to its abolishment from cooking-related heat treatment of wheat gluten.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
BACKGROUND
Registered on 14/02/2007 at ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00435240.
Identifiants
pubmed: 39232748
doi: 10.1186/s12902-024-01715-0
pii: 10.1186/s12902-024-01715-0
doi:
Substances chimiques
Leptin
0
Banques de données
ClinicalTrials.gov
['NCT00435240']
Types de publication
Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
Comparative Study
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
176Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
Références
Eaton SB, Konner M. Paleolithic nutrition. A consideration of its nature and current implications. N Engl J Med. 1985;312:283–9.
doi: 10.1056/NEJM198501313120505
pubmed: 2981409
Lindeberg S. Paleolithic diets as a model for prevention and treatment of Western disease. Am J Hum Biol. 2012;24:110–5.
doi: 10.1002/ajhb.22218
pubmed: 22262579
Carrera-Bastos P, Fontes-Villalba M, O’Keefe JH, Lindeberg S, Cordain L. The western diet and lifestyle and diseases of civilization. Res Rep Clin Cardiol. 2011;2:15–35.
Manheimer EW, van Zuuren EJ, Fedorowicz Z, Pijl H. Paleolithic nutrition for metabolic syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;102:922–32.
doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.113613
pubmed: 26269362
pmcid: 4588744
Ghaedi E, Mohammadi M, Mohammadi H, Ramezani-Jolfaie N, Malekzadeh J, Hosseinzadeh M, et al. Effects of a Paleolithic Diet on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Adv Nutrition Bethesda Md. 2019;10:634–46.
doi: 10.1093/advances/nmz007
Sohouli MH, Fatahi S, Lari A, Lotfi M, Seifishahpar M, Găman M-A, et al. The effect of paleolithic diet on glucose metabolism and lipid profile among patients with metabolic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci. 2022;62:4551–62.
doi: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1876625
de Menezes EVA, de Sampaio HAC, Carioca AAF, Parente NA, Brito FO, Moreira TMM, et al. Influence of Paleolithic diet on anthropometric markers in chronic diseases: systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr J. 2019;18:41.
doi: 10.1186/s12937-019-0457-z
pubmed: 31337389
pmcid: 6647066
Jönsson T, Granfeldt Y, Ahrén B, Branell U-C, Pålsson G, Hansson A, et al. Beneficial effects of a Paleolithic diet on cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes: a randomized cross-over pilot study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2009;8:35.
doi: 10.1186/1475-2840-8-35
pubmed: 19604407
pmcid: 2724493
Jönsson T, Granfeldt Y, Lindeberg S, Hallberg A-C. Subjective satiety and other experiences of a Paleolithic diet compared to a diabetes diet in patients with type 2 diabetes. Nutr J. 2013;12:105.
doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-105
pubmed: 23890471
pmcid: 3727993
Fontes-Villalba M, Lindeberg S, Granfeldt Y, Knop FK, Memon AA, Carrera-Bastos P, et al. Palaeolithic diet decreases fasting plasma leptin concentrations more than a diabetes diet in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised cross-over trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2016;15:80.
doi: 10.1186/s12933-016-0398-1
pubmed: 27216013
pmcid: 4877952
Mendoza-Herrera K, Florio AA, Moore M, Marrero A, Tamez M, Bhupathiraju SN, et al. The leptin system and diet: a mini review of the current evidence. Front Endocrinol. 2021;12: 749050.
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.749050
Jönsson T, Memon AA, Sundquist K, Sundquist J, Olsson S, Nalla A, et al. Digested wheat gluten inhibits binding between leptin and its receptor. BMC Biochem. 2015;16:3.
doi: 10.1186/s12858-015-0032-y
pubmed: 25600821
pmcid: 4308898
Wabitsch M, Pridzun L, Ranke M, von Schnurbein J, Moss A, Brandt S, et al. Measurement of immunofunctional leptin to detect and monitor patients with functional leptin deficiency. Eur J Endocrinol. 2016;176:315–22.
doi: 10.1530/EJE-16-0821
pubmed: 28007844
pmcid: 5292973
Rydhög B, Granfeldt Y, Frassetto L, Fontes-Villalba M, Carrera-Bastos P, Jönsson T. Assessing compliance with Paleolithic diet by calculating Paleolithic Diet Fraction as the fraction of intake from Paleolithic food groups. Clin Nutrition Exp. 2019;25:29–35.
doi: 10.1016/j.yclnex.2019.03.002
Mann JI, Leeuw ID, Hermansen K, Karamanos B, Karlström B, Katsilambros N, et al. Evidence-based nutritional approaches to the treatment and prevention of diabetes mellitus. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2004;14:373–94.
doi: 10.1016/S0939-4753(04)80028-0
pubmed: 15853122
Rydhög B, Granfeldt Y, Sundquist K, Jönsson T. Paleolithic diet fraction in post hoc data analysis of a randomized cross-over study comparing Paleolithic diet with diabetes diet. Clin Nutrition Open Sci. 2021;38:73–80.
doi: 10.1016/j.nutos.2021.07.001
Chirdo FG, Rumbo M, Añón MC, Fossati CA. Presence of high levels of non-degraded gliadin in breast milk from healthy mothers. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1998;33:1186–92.
doi: 10.1080/00365529850172557
pubmed: 9867098
Miner-Williams WM, Stevens BR, Moughan PJ. Are intact peptides absorbed from the healthy gut in the adult human? - PubMed - NCBI. NRR. 2015;27:308–29.
doi: 10.1017/S0954422414000225
Rosano GL, Ceccarelli EA. Recombinant protein expression in Escherichia coli: advances and challenges. Front Microbiol. 2014;5:172.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00172
pubmed: 24860555
pmcid: 4029002
Biesiekierski JR. What is gluten? J Gastroen Hepatol. 2017;32:78–81.
doi: 10.1111/jgh.13703
FAOSTAT. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FBS . Accessed 23 Jan 2023.
Greco M, Santo MD, Comandè A, Belsito EL, Andò S, Liguori A, et al. Leptin-Activity Modulators and Their Potential Pharmaceutical Applications. Biomol. 2021;11:1045.
Husby S, Jensenius JC, Svehag S-E. Passage of Undegraded Dietary Antigen into the Blood of Healthy Adults. Scand J Immunol. 1985;22:83–92.
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1985.tb01862.x
pubmed: 4023632