A call for clinical trials in glioblastoma multiforme for interleukin 4, interleukin 6, interleukin 13 and CD40.
CD40
Glioblastoma
Interleukin 13
Interleukin 4
Interleukin 6
Journal
Neurosurgical review
ISSN: 1437-2320
Titre abrégé: Neurosurg Rev
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 7908181
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
07 Sep 2024
07 Sep 2024
Historique:
received:
24
08
2024
accepted:
02
09
2024
revised:
24
08
2024
medline:
7
9
2024
pubmed:
7
9
2024
entrez:
6
9
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive and deadly forms of brain cancer, which has a very complex tumor microenvironment (TME) promoting tumor growth, immune evasion, and resistance to therapy. The main players within this environment are represented by cytokines such as Interleukin-4, Interleukin-6, and Interleukin-13, along with the costimulatory molecule CD40. The paper draws back the curtain on the complex interactions played out by these molecules in contributing to the formation of a TME within GBM. IL-4 and IL-13 induce an immunosuppressive environment through the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) into a pro-tumoral M2 phenotype. In contrast, IL-6 takes part in the activation of the JAK-STAT3 pathway, enhancing survival and proliferation of tumor cells. In this context, CD40 either induces anti-tumor immunity through APC activation or facilitates tumors by angiogenesis and survival pathways. The synergistic actions of these molecules create feedback loops that keep up the malignancy of GBM and present a big problem for therapy. Knowledge of these interactions opens new ways for the development of multi-targeted therapeutic strategies at the other end. This may result in the interruption of the tumor-supportive environment in GBM, reducing tumor growth and improving patient outcomes by targeting IL-4, IL-6, IL-13, and CD40 simultaneously.
Identifiants
pubmed: 39242402
doi: 10.1007/s10143-024-02823-0
pii: 10.1007/s10143-024-02823-0
doi:
Substances chimiques
Interleukin-6
0
CD40 Antigens
0
Interleukin-13
0
Interleukin-4
207137-56-2
IL4 protein, human
0
IL6 protein, human
0
IL13 protein, human
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Letter
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
571Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
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