Evaluation of antifungal and apoptotic effects of linalool, citral, and carvacrol separately and in combination with nystatin against clinical isolates of Pichia kudriavzevii.
Pichia kudriavzevii
Carvacrol
Citral
Linalool
Nystatin
Synergy
Journal
BMC microbiology
ISSN: 1471-2180
Titre abrégé: BMC Microbiol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 100966981
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
10 Sep 2024
10 Sep 2024
Historique:
received:
14
03
2024
accepted:
02
09
2024
medline:
10
9
2024
pubmed:
10
9
2024
entrez:
9
9
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Pichia kudriavzevii (formerly Candida krusei) poses a significant threat to immunocompromised patients due to its inherent resistance to various antifungal drugs. This study explored the anticandidal potential of citral, linalool, and carvacrol in combination with nystatin against P. kudriavzevii strains.Using the microdilution method following CLSI guidelines, Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) and fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) were determined. Citral exhibited MIC values ranging from 50 to 100 µg/ml, averaging 70.24 ± 16.99 µg/ml, while carvacrol had MIC values of 50 to 100 µg/ml, averaging 86.90 ± 16.99 µg/ml. Linalool demonstrated weaker antifungal activity, with MIC values between 100 and 200 µg/ml, averaging 150 ± 38.73 µg/ml. The study assessed the synergistic effectsof these phenols with nystatin through fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICIS). In addition, flow cytometry was employed to assess apoptosis induction in P. kudriavzevii cells.Carvacrol displayed a remarkable synergistic effect in combination with nystatin against all 21 isolates tested. Conversely, linalool showed synergy in 17 isolates, while citral exhibited synergy in only 2 isolates. These findings highlight distinct patterns of synergy between the different compounds and nystatin against P. kudriavzevii. Also, Carvacrol emerged as the most potent inducer of apoptosis across all P. kudriavzevii strains, followed by citral and linalool. This suggests that carvacrol not only possesses a stronger antifungal effect but also has a more pronounced ability to trigger programmed cell death in P. kudriavzevii. In conclusion, the study supports the potential of carvacrol, citral and linalool, as anticandidal agents, suggesting their supplementation with nystatin for treating P. kudriavzevii infections.
Identifiants
pubmed: 39251899
doi: 10.1186/s12866-024-03487-y
pii: 10.1186/s12866-024-03487-y
doi:
Substances chimiques
carvacrol
9B1J4V995Q
Antifungal Agents
0
Cymenes
0
Acyclic Monoterpenes
0
linalool
D81QY6I88E
Nystatin
1400-61-9
citral
T7EU0O9VPP
Monoterpenes
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
333Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
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