Turner syndrome and neuropsychological abnormalities: a review and case series.

The objective of this study was to establish the genotype-phenotype correlation between karyotype results and the neurological and psychiatric alterations presented in patients with Turner syndrome (TS). A retrospective study was conducted on the medical records of 10/140 patients with TS and neurophysiological abnormalities seen at a university hospital in southern Brazil. In addition, a literature review spanning the period from January 1, 2012 to January 1, 2023 was carried out using the PubMed and Virtual Health Library databases. Our study showed a potential correlation between neurological and psychiatric alterations in patients with TS. These findings are in accordance with those described in literature such as a high prevalence of learning or intellectual disabilities. However, our sample found more seizure episodes than those reported in other studies. The correlation established could be due to X chromosome dose-effect, as the review suggests that sex chromosome number and hormonal development can be associated with verbal, social, and cognitive skills or impairments.