Impact of propofol versus desflurane anesthesia on postoperative hepatic and renal functions in infants with living-related liver transplantation: a randomized controlled trial.


Journal

BMC medicine
ISSN: 1741-7015
Titre abrégé: BMC Med
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101190723

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
16 Sep 2024
Historique:
received: 04 06 2024
accepted: 09 09 2024
medline: 17 9 2024
pubmed: 17 9 2024
entrez: 16 9 2024
Statut: epublish

Résumé

The effects of anesthetics on liver and kidney functions after infantile living-related liver transplantation (LRLT) are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) or desflurane-based inhalation anesthesia on postoperative liver and kidney functions in infant recipients after LRLT and to evaluate hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI). Seventy-six infants with congenital biliary atresia scheduled for LRLT were randomly divided into two anesthesia maintenance groups: group D with continuous inhalation of desflurane and group P with an infusion of propofol. The primary focus was to assess alterations of liver transaminase and serum creatinine (Scr) levels within the first 7 days after surgery. And the peak aminotransferase level within 72 h post-surgery was used as a surrogate marker for HIRI. There were no differences in preoperative hepatic and renal functions between the two groups. Upon the intensive care unit (ICU) arrival, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST, P = 0.001) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT, P = 0.005) in group P were significantly lower than those in group D. These changes persisted until the fourth and sixth days after surgery. The peak AST and ALT levels within 72 h after surgery were also lower in group P than in group D (856 (552, 1221) vs. 1468 (732, 1969) U/L, P = 0.001 (95% CI: 161-777) and 517 (428, 704) vs. 730 (541, 1100) U/L, P = 0.006, (95% CI: 58-366), respectively). Patients in group P had lower levels of Scr upon the ICU arrival and on the first day after surgery, compared to group D (17.8 (15.2, 22.0) vs. 23.0 (20.8, 30.8) μmol/L, P < 0.001 (95% CI: 3.0-8.7) and 17.1 (14.9, 21.0) vs. 20.5 (16.5, 25.3) μmol/L, P = 0.02 (95% CI: 0.0-5.0) respectively). Moreover, the incidence of severe acute kidney injury was significantly lower in group P compared to that in group D (15.8% vs. 39.5%, P = 0.038). Propofol-based TIVA might improve liver and kidney functions after LRLT in infants and reduce the incidence of serious complications, which may be related to the reduction of HIRI. However, further biomarkers will be necessary to prove these associations.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND BACKGROUND
The effects of anesthetics on liver and kidney functions after infantile living-related liver transplantation (LRLT) are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) or desflurane-based inhalation anesthesia on postoperative liver and kidney functions in infant recipients after LRLT and to evaluate hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI).
METHODS METHODS
Seventy-six infants with congenital biliary atresia scheduled for LRLT were randomly divided into two anesthesia maintenance groups: group D with continuous inhalation of desflurane and group P with an infusion of propofol. The primary focus was to assess alterations of liver transaminase and serum creatinine (Scr) levels within the first 7 days after surgery. And the peak aminotransferase level within 72 h post-surgery was used as a surrogate marker for HIRI.
RESULTS RESULTS
There were no differences in preoperative hepatic and renal functions between the two groups. Upon the intensive care unit (ICU) arrival, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST, P = 0.001) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT, P = 0.005) in group P were significantly lower than those in group D. These changes persisted until the fourth and sixth days after surgery. The peak AST and ALT levels within 72 h after surgery were also lower in group P than in group D (856 (552, 1221) vs. 1468 (732, 1969) U/L, P = 0.001 (95% CI: 161-777) and 517 (428, 704) vs. 730 (541, 1100) U/L, P = 0.006, (95% CI: 58-366), respectively). Patients in group P had lower levels of Scr upon the ICU arrival and on the first day after surgery, compared to group D (17.8 (15.2, 22.0) vs. 23.0 (20.8, 30.8) μmol/L, P < 0.001 (95% CI: 3.0-8.7) and 17.1 (14.9, 21.0) vs. 20.5 (16.5, 25.3) μmol/L, P = 0.02 (95% CI: 0.0-5.0) respectively). Moreover, the incidence of severe acute kidney injury was significantly lower in group P compared to that in group D (15.8% vs. 39.5%, P = 0.038).
CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS
Propofol-based TIVA might improve liver and kidney functions after LRLT in infants and reduce the incidence of serious complications, which may be related to the reduction of HIRI. However, further biomarkers will be necessary to prove these associations.

Identifiants

pubmed: 39285414
doi: 10.1186/s12916-024-03622-6
pii: 10.1186/s12916-024-03622-6
doi:

Substances chimiques

Propofol YI7VU623SF
Desflurane CRS35BZ94Q
Isoflurane CYS9AKD70P
Anesthetics, Inhalation 0
Anesthetics, Intravenous 0
Creatinine AYI8EX34EU
Alanine Transaminase EC 2.6.1.2
Aspartate Aminotransferases EC 2.6.1.1

Types de publication

Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

397

Informations de copyright

© 2024. The Author(s).

Références

Ebel NH, Lai JC, Bucuvalas JC, Wadhwani SI. A review of racial, socioeconomic, and geographic disparities in pediatric liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2022;28(9):1520–8.
pubmed: 35188708 pmcid: 9949889 doi: 10.1002/lt.26437
Rawal N, Yazigi N. Pediatric liver transplantation. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2017;64(3):677–84.
pubmed: 28502445 doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2017.02.003
Pham YH, Miloh T. Liver Transplantation in children. Clin Liver Dis. 2018;22(4):807–21.
pubmed: 30266163 doi: 10.1016/j.cld.2018.06.004
Nemeth N, Peto K, Magyar Z, Klarik Z, Varga G, Oltean M, Mantas A, Czigany Z, Tolba RH. Hemorheological and microcirculatory factors in liver ischemia-reperfusion injury-an update on pathophysiology, molecular mechanisms and protective strategies. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(4):1864.
pubmed: 33668478 pmcid: 7918617 doi: 10.3390/ijms22041864
Zhang R, Zhang L, Manaenko A, Ye Z, Liu W, Sun X. Helium preconditioning protects mouse liver against ischemia and reperfusion injury through the PI3K/Akt pathway. J Hepatol. 2014;61(5):1048–55.
pubmed: 24972044 doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.06.020
Zhang Y, Yuan D, Yao W, Zhu Q, Liu Y, Huang F, Feng J, Chen X, Huang Y, Chi X, et al. Hyperglycemia aggravates hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury by inducing chronic oxidative stress and inflammation. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016: 3919627.
pubmed: 27656261 pmcid: 5021880 doi: 10.1155/2016/3919627
Li X, Li X, Chi X, Luo G, Yuan D, Sun G, Hei Z. Ulinastatin ameliorates acute kidney injury following liver transplantation in rats and humans. Exp Ther Med. 2015;9(2):411–6.
pubmed: 25574207 doi: 10.3892/etm.2014.2088
Luo C, Yuan D, Li X, Yao W, Luo G, Chi X, Li H, Irwin MG, Xia Z, Hei Z. Propofol attenuated acute kidney injury after orthotopic liver transplantation via inhibiting gap junction composed of connexin 32. Anesthesiology. 2015;122(1):72–86.
pubmed: 25254904 doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000448
Luo GJ, Yao WF, He Y, Luo CF, Li XY, Hei ZQ. Ulinastatin prevents acute lung injury led by liver transplantation. J Surg Res. 2015;193(2):841–8.
pubmed: 25277357 doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.08.051
Zhang A, Chi X, Luo G, Hei Z, Xia H, Luo C, Wang Y, Mao X, Xia Z. Mast cell stabilization alleviates acute lung injury after orthotopic autologous liver transplantation in rats by downregulating inflammation. PLoS One. 2013;8(10): e75262.
pubmed: 24116032 pmcid: 3792971 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075262
Ge M, Chen C, Yao W, Zhou S, Huang F, Cai J, Hei Z. Overexpression of Brg1 alleviates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute lung injury through antioxidative stress effects. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:8787392.
pubmed: 28798861 pmcid: 5534314 doi: 10.1155/2017/8787392
Pu S, Jin S, Xiang B, Yang J, Li K, Xie X, Huang B, Lai W, Yan L, Zhang M, et al. The current status and outcomes of pediatric liver transplantation in western China: a multi-center retrospective study. Pediatr Transplant. 2020;24(8): e13810.
pubmed: 32845541 doi: 10.1111/petr.13810
Yeh YT, Liu C, Tsai HL, Chen CY, Lin NC, Chang JW, Tsao PC, Lee YS, Hsia CY, Loong CC. Living donor liver transplantation for small infants aged less than 6 months: the experience of a single institute. J Pediatr Surg. 2021;56(7):1157–61.
pubmed: 33840505 doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.03.022
Wu J, Yu C, Zeng X, Xu Y, Sun C. Protection of propofol on liver ischemia reperfusion injury by regulating Cyp2b10/ Cyp3a25 pathway. Tissue Cell. 2022;78: 101891.
pubmed: 35985247 doi: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101891
Tao KM, Yang LQ, Liu YT, Tao Y, Song JC, Wu FX, Yu WF. Volatile anesthetics might be more beneficial than propofol for postoperative liver function in cirrhotic patients receiving hepatectomy. Med Hypotheses. 2010;75(6):555–7.
pubmed: 20709457 doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.07.028
Ko JS, Gwak MS, Choi SJ, Kim GS, Kim JA, Yang M, Lee SM, Cho HS, Chung IS, Kim MH. The effects of desflurane and propofol-remifentanil on postoperative hepatic and renal functions after right hepatectomy in liver donors. Liver Transpl. 2008;14(8):1150–8.
pubmed: 18668648 doi: 10.1002/lt.21490
Shin S, Joo DJ, Kim MS, Bae MI, Heo E, Lee JS, Kim DW, Yoo YC. Propofol intravenous anaesthesia with desflurane compared with desflurane alone on postoperative liver function after living-donor liver transplantation: a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2019;36(9):656–66.
pubmed: 31083000 doi: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000001018
Bennett JA. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT): guidelines for reporting randomized trials. Nurs Res. 2005;54(2):128–32.
pubmed: 15778654 doi: 10.1097/00006199-200503000-00007
Liu W, Tu Z, Liu L, Tan Y. Combined short- and long-axis method for internal jugular vein catheterization in premature newborns: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2021;65(3):420–7.
pubmed: 33147353 doi: 10.1111/aas.13728
Ostermann M, Bellomo R, Burdmann EA, Doi K, Endre ZH, Goldstein SL, Kane-Gill SL, Liu KD, Prowle JR, Shaw AD, et al. Controversies in acute kidney injury: conclusions from a kidney disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Conference. Kidney Int. 2020;98(2):294–309.
pubmed: 32709292 pmcid: 8481001 doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.04.020
Ko JS, Gwak MS, Choi SJ, Yang M, Kim MJ, Lee JY, Kim GS, Kwon CH, Joh JW. The effects of desflurane and sevoflurane on hepatic and renal functions after right hepatectomy in living donors*. Transpl Int. 2010;23(7):736–44.
pubmed: 20102552 doi: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2009.01050.x
Zhai Y, Petrowsky H, Hong JC, Busuttil RW, Kupiec-Weglinski JW. Ischaemia-reperfusion injury in liver transplantation–from bench to bedside. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;10(2):79–89.
pubmed: 23229329 doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2012.225
Umbro I, Tinti F, Scalera I, Evison F, Gunson B, Sharif A, Ferguson J, Muiesan P, Mitterhofer AP. Acute kidney injury and post-reperfusion syndrome in liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol. 2016;22(42):9314–23.
pubmed: 27895419 pmcid: 5107695 doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i42.9314
Yu W, Gao D, Jin W, Liu S, Qi S. Propofol prevents oxidative stress by decreasing the ischemic accumulation of succinate in focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Neurochem Res. 2018;43(2):420–9.
pubmed: 29168092 doi: 10.1007/s11064-017-2437-z
Heiberg J, Royse CF, Royse AG, Andrews DT. Propofol attenuates the myocardial protection properties of desflurane by modulating mitochondrial permeability transition. Anesth Analg. 2018;127(2):387–97.
pubmed: 29933271 doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000003450
Wu ZF, Lin WL, Lee MS, Hung NK, Huang YS, Chen TW, Lu CH. Propofol vs desflurane on the cytokine, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and heme oxygenase-1 response during living donor liver transplantation: A pilot study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(48): e18244.
pubmed: 31770287 doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000018244
Cho HY, Lee HJ, Kim WH, Lee HC, Jung CW, Hong SK, Yang SM. Influence of anesthesia type on post-reperfusion syndrome during liver transplantation: a single-center retrospective study. Anesth Pain Med (Seoul). 2022;17(3):304–11.
pubmed: 35918864 doi: 10.17085/apm.21104
Levitsky J, Asrani SK, Abecassis M, Ruiz R, Jennings LW, Klintmalm G. External validation of a pretransplant biomarker model (REVERSE) predictive of renal recovery after liver transplantation. Hepatology. 2019;70(4):1349–59.
pubmed: 31002431 doi: 10.1002/hep.30667
Dewitte A, Defaye M, Dahmi A, Ouattara A, Joannes-Boyau O, Chermak F, Chiche L, Laurent C, Battelier M, Sigaut S, et al. Prognostic impact of early recovering acute kidney injury following liver transplantation: a multicenter retrospective study. Transplantation. 2022;106(4):781–91.
pubmed: 34172644 doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000003865
Lai Q, Melandro F, Manzia TM, Spoletini G, Crovetto A, Gallo G, Hassan R, Mennini G, Angelico R, Avolio AW, et al. The role of donor gamma-glutamyl transferase as a risk factor for early graft function after liver transplantation. J Clin Med. 2023;12(14):4744.
pubmed: 37510859 pmcid: 10380680 doi: 10.3390/jcm12144744
Li Volti G, Avola R, Tibullo D. Editorial - propofol as an intraoperative strategy for organ protection. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2017;21(17):3980–1.
pubmed: 28975962
Li H, Weng Y, Yuan S, Liu W, Yu H, Yu W. Effect of sevoflurane and propofol on acute kidney injury in pediatric living donor liver transplantation. Ann Transl Med. 2019;7(14):340.
pubmed: 31475210 pmcid: 6694226 doi: 10.21037/atm.2019.06.76
Xu Z, Yu J, Wu J, Qi F, Wang H, Wang Z, Wang Z. The effects of two anesthetics, propofol and sevoflurane, on liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2016;38(4):1631–42.
pubmed: 27119513 doi: 10.1159/000443103
Bellanti F, Mirabella L, Mitarotonda D, Blonda M, Tamborra R, Cinnella G, Fersini A, Ambrosi A, Dambrosio M, Vendemiale G, et al. Propofol but not sevoflurane prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress by limiting HIF-1α activation in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. Free Radic Biol Med. 2016;96:323–33.
pubmed: 27154980 doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.05.002
Liu Y, Du X, Zhang S, Liu X, Xu G. Propofol alleviates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury via the activation of the Sirt1 pathway. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2017;10(11):10959–68.
pubmed: 31966440 pmcid: 6965884
Hovaguimian F, Schläpfer M, Beck-Schimmer B. Organ protection in allograft recipients: anesthetic strategies to reduce postoperative morbidity and mortality. Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2014;19(2):121–30.
pubmed: 24553502 doi: 10.1097/MOT.0000000000000062
Ge M, Chen H, Zhu Q, Cai J, Chen C, Yuan D, Jin Y, Yao W, Hei Z. Propofol post-conditioning alleviates hepatic ischaemia reperfusion injury via BRG1-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 transcriptional activation in human and mice. J Cell Mol Med. 2017;21(12):3693–704.
pubmed: 28749008 pmcid: 5706583 doi: 10.1111/jcmm.13279
Zhang Z, Yan B, Li Y, Yang S, Li J. Propofol inhibits oxidative stress injury through the glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway. Bioengineered. 2022;13(1):1612–25.
pubmed: 35030972 pmcid: 8805835 doi: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2021062
Zheng Y, Lu H, Huang H. Desflurane preconditioning protects against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and inhibits inflammation and oxidative stress in rats through regulating the Nrf2-Keap1-ARE signaling pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2020;14:1351–62.
pubmed: 32308368 pmcid: 7138619 doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S223742
Zhong M, Che L, Du M, Liu K, Wang D. Desflurane protects against liver ischemia/reperfusion injury via regulating miR-135b-5p. J Chin Med Assoc. 2021;84(1):38–45.
pubmed: 32898087 doi: 10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000427
Yao W, Han X, Zhang Y, Guan J, Ge M, Chen C, Wu S, Chen J, Luo G, Huang P, et al. Intravenous anesthetic protects hepatocyte from reactive oxygen species-induced cellular apoptosis during liver transplantation in vivo. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2018;2018:4780615.
pubmed: 30510620 pmcid: 6230392 doi: 10.1155/2018/4780615
Dong V, Nadim MK, Karvellas CJ. Post-liver transplant acute kidney injury. Liver Transpl. 2021;27(11):1653–64.
pubmed: 33963666 doi: 10.1002/lt.26094
Kalisvaart M, de Haan JE, Hesselink DA, Polak WG, Hansen BE, IJzermans J, Gommers D, Metselaar HJ, de Jonge J. The postreperfusion syndrome is associated with acute kidney injury following donation after brain death liver transplantation. Transpl Int. 2017;30(7):660–9.
pubmed: 27864895 doi: 10.1111/tri.12891
Jagarlamudi N, Wong F. Acute kidney injury: prediction, prognostication and optimisation for liver transplant. Hepatol Int. 2020;14(2):167–79.
pubmed: 32128705 doi: 10.1007/s12072-020-10018-0
Hsing CH, Chou W, Wang JJ, Chen HW, Yeh CH. Propofol increases bone morphogenetic protein-7 and decreases oxidative stress in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011;26(4):1162–72.
pubmed: 20864551 doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfq572
Zhang Z, Tian L, Jiang K. Propofol attenuates inflammatory response and apoptosis to protect d-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide induced acute liver injury via regulating TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol. 2019;77: 105974.
pubmed: 31735662 doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105974
Joosten A, Lucidi V, Ickx B, Van Obbergh L, Germanova D, Berna A, Alexander B, Desebbe O, Carrier FM, Cherqui D, et al. Intraoperative hypotension during liver transplant surgery is associated with postoperative acute kidney injury: a historical cohort study. BMC Anesthesiol. 2021;21(1):12.
pubmed: 33430770 pmcid: 7798188 doi: 10.1186/s12871-020-01228-y
Lu CH, Yeh CC, Huang YS, Lee MS, Hsieh CB, Cherng CH, Wu ZF. Hemodynamic and biochemical changes in liver transplantation: a retrospective comparison of desflurane and total intravenous anesthesia by target-controlled infusion under auditory evoked potential guide. Acta Anaesthesiol Taiwan. 2014;52(1):6–12.
pubmed: 24999212 doi: 10.1016/j.aat.2014.05.004

Auteurs

Wei Liu (W)

Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, 136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, 400014, P.R. China.
Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Chongqing, China.

Min Du (M)

Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, 136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, 400014, P.R. China.
Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Chongqing, China.

Mingman Zhang (M)

Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Chongqing, China.

Xiaoke Dai (X)

Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Chongqing, China.

Haoming Wang (H)

Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Chongqing, China.

Ying Le (Y)

Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Chongqing, China.

Shenshen Zhi (S)

Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, School of Medicine, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.

Lin Bo (L)

Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, 136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, 400014, P.R. China. 1455973437@qq.com.
Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Chongqing, China. 1455973437@qq.com.

Junjun Quan (J)

Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, 136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, 400014, P.R. China. junjunquan1002@163.com.
Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Chongqing, China. junjunquan1002@163.com.

Articles similaires

[Redispensing of expensive oral anticancer medicines: a practical application].

Lisanne N van Merendonk, Kübra Akgöl, Bastiaan Nuijen
1.00
Humans Antineoplastic Agents Administration, Oral Drug Costs Counterfeit Drugs

Smoking Cessation and Incident Cardiovascular Disease.

Jun Hwan Cho, Seung Yong Shin, Hoseob Kim et al.
1.00
Humans Male Smoking Cessation Cardiovascular Diseases Female
Humans United States Aged Cross-Sectional Studies Medicare Part C
1.00
Humans Yoga Low Back Pain Female Male

Classifications MeSH