Sex-dependent effects of acute stress and alcohol exposure during adolescence on mRNA expression of brain signaling systems involved in reward and stress responses in young adult rats.
Animals
Male
Female
Rats, Wistar
Sex Characteristics
Stress, Psychological
/ metabolism
Reward
RNA, Messenger
/ metabolism
Ethanol
/ administration & dosage
Brain
/ metabolism
Neuropeptide Y
/ metabolism
Corticosterone
/ blood
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
/ blood
Rats
Signal Transduction
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone
/ metabolism
Adolescence
Amygdala
Binge drinking
HPA axis
Hypothalamus
Restraint
Sexual dimorphism
Journal
Biology of sex differences
ISSN: 2042-6410
Titre abrégé: Biol Sex Differ
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101548963
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
26 Sep 2024
26 Sep 2024
Historique:
received:
12
06
2024
accepted:
09
09
2024
medline:
27
9
2024
pubmed:
27
9
2024
entrez:
26
9
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Adolescent stress and alcohol exposure increase the risk of maladaptive behaviors and mental disorders in adulthood, with distinct sex-specific differences. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these early events is crucial for developing targeted prevention and treatment strategies. Male and female Wistar rats were exposed to acute restraint stress and intermittent alcohol during adolescence. We assessed lasting effects on plasma corticosterone (CORT) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels, and mRNA expression of genes related to corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), neuropeptide Y (NPY), corticoid, opioid, and arginine vasopressin systems in the amygdala and hypothalamus. The main findings are as follows: (1) blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) increased after the final alcohol administration, but stressed males had lower BAC than non-stressed males; (2) Males gained significantly more weight than females; (3) Stressed females showed higher ACTH levels than non-stressed females, with no changes in males; (4) Stress increased CORT levels in males, while stressed, alcohol-treated females had lower CORT levels than non-stressed females; (5) CRH: Females had lower Crhr1 levels in the amygdala, while alcohol reduced Crhr2 levels in males but not females. Significant interactions among sex, stress, and alcohol were found in the hypothalamus, with distinct patterns between sexes; (6) NPY: In the amygdala, stress reduced Npy and Npy1r levels in males but increased them in females. Alcohol decreased Npy2r levels in males, with varied effects in females. Similar sex-specific patterns were observed in the hypothalamus; (7) Corticoid system: Stress and alcohol had complex, sex-dependent effects on Pomc, Nr3c1, and Nr3c2 in both brain regions; (8) Opioid receptors: Stress and alcohol blunted the elevated expression of Oprm1, Oprd1, and Oprk1 in the amygdala of males and the hypothalamus of females; (8) Vasopressin: Stress and alcohol interacted significantly to affect Avp and Avpr1a expression in the amygdala, with stronger effects in females. In the hypothalamus, alcohol increased Avp levels in females. This study demonstrates that adolescent acute stress and alcohol exposure induce lasting, sex-specific alterations in systems involved in reward and stress responses. These findings emphasize the importance of considering sex differences in the prevention and management of HPA dysfunction and psychiatric disorders.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Adolescent stress and alcohol exposure increase the risk of maladaptive behaviors and mental disorders in adulthood, with distinct sex-specific differences. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these early events is crucial for developing targeted prevention and treatment strategies.
METHODS
METHODS
Male and female Wistar rats were exposed to acute restraint stress and intermittent alcohol during adolescence. We assessed lasting effects on plasma corticosterone (CORT) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels, and mRNA expression of genes related to corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), neuropeptide Y (NPY), corticoid, opioid, and arginine vasopressin systems in the amygdala and hypothalamus.
RESULTS
RESULTS
The main findings are as follows: (1) blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) increased after the final alcohol administration, but stressed males had lower BAC than non-stressed males; (2) Males gained significantly more weight than females; (3) Stressed females showed higher ACTH levels than non-stressed females, with no changes in males; (4) Stress increased CORT levels in males, while stressed, alcohol-treated females had lower CORT levels than non-stressed females; (5) CRH: Females had lower Crhr1 levels in the amygdala, while alcohol reduced Crhr2 levels in males but not females. Significant interactions among sex, stress, and alcohol were found in the hypothalamus, with distinct patterns between sexes; (6) NPY: In the amygdala, stress reduced Npy and Npy1r levels in males but increased them in females. Alcohol decreased Npy2r levels in males, with varied effects in females. Similar sex-specific patterns were observed in the hypothalamus; (7) Corticoid system: Stress and alcohol had complex, sex-dependent effects on Pomc, Nr3c1, and Nr3c2 in both brain regions; (8) Opioid receptors: Stress and alcohol blunted the elevated expression of Oprm1, Oprd1, and Oprk1 in the amygdala of males and the hypothalamus of females; (8) Vasopressin: Stress and alcohol interacted significantly to affect Avp and Avpr1a expression in the amygdala, with stronger effects in females. In the hypothalamus, alcohol increased Avp levels in females.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates that adolescent acute stress and alcohol exposure induce lasting, sex-specific alterations in systems involved in reward and stress responses. These findings emphasize the importance of considering sex differences in the prevention and management of HPA dysfunction and psychiatric disorders.
Identifiants
pubmed: 39327618
doi: 10.1186/s13293-024-00649-5
pii: 10.1186/s13293-024-00649-5
doi:
Substances chimiques
RNA, Messenger
0
Ethanol
3K9958V90M
Neuropeptide Y
0
Corticosterone
W980KJ009P
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
9002-60-2
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone
9015-71-8
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
75Subventions
Organisme : Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and European Regional Development Funds-European Union (ERDF-EU)
ID : PI19/00886, PI20/01399, PI22/00427 and PI22/01833
Organisme : Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and European Regional Development Funds-European Union (ERDF-EU)
ID : PI19/00886, PI20/01399, PI22/00427 and PI22/01833
Organisme : Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and European Regional Development Funds-European Union (ERDF-EU)
ID : PI19/00886, PI20/01399, PI22/00427 and PI22/01833
Organisme : Plataforma de biobanco y biomodelos animales y 3D de Málaga
ID : PT20-00101
Organisme : Plataforma de biobanco y biomodelos animales y 3D de Málaga
ID : PT20-00101
Organisme : Programa RICORS RIAPAD
ID : RD21/0009/0003
Organisme : Programa RICORS RIAPAD
ID : RD21/0009/0003
Organisme : Ministerio de Sanidad, Delegación de Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas
ID : PNSD 2022/020
Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
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