Acute effects of cold, heat and contrast pressure therapy on forearm muscles regeneration in combat sports athletes: a randomized clinical trial.
Game-ready therapy
MMA
Microcirculation
Myotonometry
Sports recovery
Journal
Scientific reports
ISSN: 2045-2322
Titre abrégé: Sci Rep
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101563288
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
28 Sep 2024
28 Sep 2024
Historique:
received:
08
04
2024
accepted:
06
09
2024
medline:
28
9
2024
pubmed:
28
9
2024
entrez:
28
9
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Due to the specific loads that occur in combat sports athletes' forearm muscles, we decided to compare the immediate effect of monotherapy with the use of compressive heat (HT), cold (CT), and alternating therapy (HCT) in terms of eliminating muscle tension, improving muscle elasticity and tissue perfusion and forearm muscle strength. This is a single-blind, randomized, experimental clinical trial. Group allocation was performed using simple 1:1 sequence randomization using the website randomizer.org. The study involved 40 40 combat sports athletes divided into four groups and four therapeutic sessions lasting 20 min. (1) Heat compression therapy session (HT, n = 10) (2) (CT, n = 10), (3) alternating (HCT, n = 10), and sham, control (ShT, n = 10). All participants had measurements of tissue perfusion (PU, [non-reference units]), muscle tension (T-[Hz]), elasticity (E-[arb- relative arbitrary unit]), and maximum isometric force (Fmax [kgf]) of the dominant hand at rest (Rest) after the muscle fatigue protocol (PostFat.5 min), after therapy (PostTh.5 min) and 24 h after therapy (PostTh.24 h). A two-way ANOVA with repeated measures: Group (ColdT, HeatT, ContrstT, ControlT) × Time (Rest, PostFat.5 min, PostTh.5 min, Post.24 h) was used to examine the changes in examined variables. Post-hoc tests with Bonferroni correction and ± 95% confidence intervals (CI) for absolute differences (△) were used to analyze the pairwise comparisons when a significant main effect or interaction was found. The ANOVA for PU, T, E, and Fmax revealed statistically significant interactions of Group by Time factors (p < 0.0001), as well as main effects for the Group factors (p < 0.0001; except for Fmax). In the PostTh.5 min. Period, significantly (p < 0.001) higher PU values were recorded in the HT (19.45 ± 0.91) and HCT (18.71 ± 0.67) groups compared to the ShT (9.79 ± 0.35) group (△ = 9.66 [8.75; 10.57 CI] > MDC
Identifiants
pubmed: 39333728
doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-72412-0
pii: 10.1038/s41598-024-72412-0
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
22410Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
Références
Lenetsky, S. & Harris, N. The mixed martial arts athlete: A physiological profile. Strength Cond. J. 34(1), 32–47. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0B013E3182389F00 (2012).
doi: 10.1519/SSC.0B013E3182389F00
James, L. P., Haff, G. G., Kelly, V. G. & Beckman, E. M. Towards a determination of the physiological characteristics distinguishing successful mixed martial arts athletes: A systematic review of combat sport literature. Sports Med. 46(10), 1525–1551. https://doi.org/10.1007/S40279-016-0493-1 (2016).
doi: 10.1007/S40279-016-0493-1
pubmed: 26993133
Spanias, C., Nikolaidis, P. T., Rosemann, T. & Knechtle, B. Anthropometric and physiological profile of mixed martial art athletes: A brief review. Sport https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7060146 (2019).
doi: 10.3390/sports7060146
Bueno, J. C. A. et al. Exploratory systematic review of mixed martial arts: An overview of performance of importance factors with over 20,000 athletes. Sport https://doi.org/10.3390/sports10060080 (2022).
doi: 10.3390/sports10060080
Zebrowska, A., Trybulski, R., Roczniok, R. & Marcol, W. Effect of physical methods of lymphatic drainage on postexercise recovery of mixed martial arts athletes. Clin. J. Sport Med. 29(1), 49–56. https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000000485 (2019).
doi: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000000485
pubmed: 28817412
Trybulski, R., Stanula, A., Żebrowska, A., Podleśny, M. & Hall, B. Acute effects of the dry needling session on gastrocnemius muscle biomechanical properties, and perfusion with latent trigger points: A single-blind randomized controlled trial in mixed martial arts athletes. J. Sports Sci. Med. 23(1), 136. https://doi.org/10.52082/JSSM.2024.136 (2024).
doi: 10.52082/JSSM.2024.136
pubmed: 38455447
pmcid: 10915622
Trybulski, R. et al. Immediate effect of cryo-compression therapy on biomechanical properties and perfusion of forearm muscles in mixed martial arts fighters. J. Clin. Med. 13(4), 1177. https://doi.org/10.3390/JCM13041177 (2024).
doi: 10.3390/JCM13041177
pubmed: 38398489
pmcid: 10889478
Andrade, A., Flores, M. A., Andreato, L. V. & Coimbra, D. R. Physical and training characteristics of mixed martial arts athletes: Systematic review. Strength Cond. J. 41(1), 51–63. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000410 (2019).
doi: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000410
Davis, H. L., Alabed, S. & Chico, T. J. A. Effect of sports massage on performance and recovery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open Sport Exerc. Med. 6(1), e000614. https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJSEM-2019-000614 (2020).
doi: 10.1136/BMJSEM-2019-000614
pubmed: 32426160
pmcid: 7228568
César, E. P., Júnior, C. S. R. & Francisco, R. N. Effects of 2 intersection strategies for physical recovery in jiu-jitsu athletes. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 16(4), 585–590. https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSPP.2019-0701 (2021).
doi: 10.1123/IJSPP.2019-0701
pubmed: 33477108
Lindsay, A. et al. The physiological response to cold-water immersion following a mixed martial arts training session. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 42(5), 529–536. https://doi.org/10.1139/APNM-2016-0582 (2017).
doi: 10.1139/APNM-2016-0582
pubmed: 28177718
Mustalampi, S., Ylinen, J., Kautiainen, H., Weir, A. & Häkkinen, A. Acute effects of cold pack on mechanical properties of the quadriceps muscle in healthy subjects. Phys. Ther. Sport 13(4), 265–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PTSP.2012.02.001 (2012).
doi: 10.1016/J.PTSP.2012.02.001
pubmed: 23068904
Graven-Nielsen, T., Arendt-Nielsen, L. & Mense, S. Thermosensitivity of muscle: High-intensity thermal stimulation of muscle tissue induces muscle pain in humans. J. Physiol. 540(Pt 2), 647. https://doi.org/10.1113/JPHYSIOL.2001.013336 (2002).
doi: 10.1113/JPHYSIOL.2001.013336
pubmed: 11956350
pmcid: 2290237
Trybulski, R., Vovkanych, A., Bas, O. & Tyravska, O. The low-temperature effect on sports regeneration. Fisioter. Em Mov. https://doi.org/10.1590/FM.2023.36204 (2023).
doi: 10.1590/FM.2023.36204
Swenson, C., Swärd, L. & Karlsson, J. Cryotherapy in sports medicine. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports 6(4), 193–200. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0838.1996.TB00090.X (1996).
doi: 10.1111/J.1600-0838.1996.TB00090.X
pubmed: 8896090
Trybulski, R. et al. Optimal duration of cold and heat compression for forearm muscle biomechanics in mixed martial arts athletes: A comparative study. Med. Sci. Monit. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.944149 (2024).
doi: 10.12659/MSM.944149
pubmed: 38805404
pmcid: 11143916
AlSabagh, A. T., Rao, M. S. & Renno, W. M. The impact of heat therapy on neuromuscular function and muscle atrophy in diabetic rats. Front. Physiol. 13, 1039588. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.1039588 (2022).
doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1039588
pubmed: 36685197
Valenzuela, P. L. et al. Enhanced external counterpulsation and recovery from a plyometric exercise bout. Clin. J. Sport Med. 30(4), 416–419. https://doi.org/10.1097/jsm.0000000000000620 (2018).
doi: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000620
Nahon, R. L., Silva Lopes, J. S. & Monteiro de Magalhães Neto, A. Physical therapy interventions for the treatment of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS): Systematic review and meta-analysis. Phys. Ther. Sport 52, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PTSP.2021.07.005 (2021).
doi: 10.1016/J.PTSP.2021.07.005
pubmed: 34365084
Kim, K. et al. Neither peristaltic pulse dynamic compressions nor heat therapy accelerate glycogen resynthesis after intermittent running. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 53(11), 2425–2435. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002713 (2021).
doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002713
pubmed: 34107509
pmcid: 8516698
Gillette, C. M. & Merrick, M. A. The effect of elevation on intramuscular tissue temperatures. J. Sport Rehabil. 27(6), 526–529. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2016-0239 (2018).
doi: 10.1123/jsr.2016-0239
pubmed: 28872444
Dupont, W. H. et al. The effects combining cryocompression therapy following an acute bout of resistance exercise on performance and recovery. J. Sport. Sci. Med. 16(3), 333–342 (2017).
Ren, W. et al. Effect of different thermal stimuli on improving microcirculation in the contralateral foot. Biomed. Eng. Online https://doi.org/10.1186/S12938-021-00849-9 (2021).
doi: 10.1186/S12938-021-00849-9
pubmed: 34922560
pmcid: 8684697
Horsman, M. R. Tissue physiology and the response to heat. Int. J. Hyperthermia 22(3), 197–203. https://doi.org/10.1080/02656730600689066 (2006).
doi: 10.1080/02656730600689066
pubmed: 16754339
Theurot, D. et al. Impact of acute partial-body cryostimulation on cognitive performance, cerebral oxygenation, and cardiac autonomic activity. Sci. Rep. 11(1), 7793. https://doi.org/10.1038/S41598-021-87089-Y (2021).
doi: 10.1038/S41598-021-87089-Y
pubmed: 33833278
pmcid: 8032750
Gatewood, C. T., Tran, A. A. & Dragoo, J. L. The efficacy of post-operative devices following knee arthroscopic surgery: A systematic review. Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc. 25(2), 501–516. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00167-016-4326-4 (2017).
doi: 10.1007/S00167-016-4326-4
pubmed: 27695905
Papaioannou, T. G., Karamanou, M., Protogerou, A. D. & Tousoulis, D. Heat therapy: An ancient concept re-examined in the era of advanced biomedical technologies. J. Physiol. 594(23), 7141. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP273136 (2016).
doi: 10.1113/JP273136
pubmed: 27905137
pmcid: 5134406
Moore, E. et al. Effects of cold-water immersion compared with other recovery modalities on athletic performance following acute strenuous exercise in physically active participants: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Sport. Med. 53(3), 687–705. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-022-01800-1 (2023).
doi: 10.1007/s40279-022-01800-1
Sawada, T. et al. Effects of alternating heat and cold stimulation at different cooling rates using a wearable thermo device on shoulder muscle stiffness: A cross-over study. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-022-05623-z (2022).
doi: 10.1186/s12891-022-05623-z
pubmed: 36443725
pmcid: 9703762
Wang, Y. et al. Effect of cold and heat therapies on pain relief in patients with delayed onset muscle soreness: A network meta-analysis. J. Rehabil. Med. https://doi.org/10.2340/jrm.v53.331 (2022).
doi: 10.2340/jrm.v53.331
pubmed: 36264054
pmcid: 9682663
Hesketh, K. et al. Passive heat therapy in sedentary humans increases skeletal muscle capillarization and eNOS content but not mitochondrial density or GLUT4 content. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 317(1), H114–H123. https://doi.org/10.1152/AJPHEART.00816.2018 (2019).
doi: 10.1152/AJPHEART.00816.2018
pubmed: 31074654
Goto, E. et al. Treatment of non-inflamed obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction by an infrared warm compression device. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 86(12), 1403–1407. https://doi.org/10.1136/BJO.86.12.1403 (2002).
doi: 10.1136/BJO.86.12.1403
pubmed: 12446375
pmcid: 1771385
Ezzati, K. et al. The beneficial effects of high-intensity laser therapy and co-interventions on musculoskeletal pain management: A systematic review. J. lasers Med. Sci. 11(1), 81–90. https://doi.org/10.15171/jlms.2020.14 (2020).
doi: 10.15171/jlms.2020.14
pubmed: 32099632
pmcid: 7008744
Brunt, V. E. & Minson, C. T. Heat therapy: Mechanistic underpinnings and applications to cardiovascular health. J. Appl. Physiol. 130(6), 1684–1704. https://doi.org/10.1152/JAPPLPHYSIOL.00141.2020 (2021).
doi: 10.1152/JAPPLPHYSIOL.00141.2020
pubmed: 33792402
pmcid: 8285605
Kobayashi, T. et al. Possible role of calcineurin in heating-related increase of rat muscle mass. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 331(4), 1301–1309. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BBRC.2005.04.096 (2005).
doi: 10.1016/J.BBRC.2005.04.096
pubmed: 15883017
Hoekstra, S. P., Bishop, N. C., Faulkner, S. H., Bailey, S. J. & Leicht, C. A. Acute and chronic effects of hot water immersion on inflammation and metabolism in sedentary, overweight adults. J. Appl. Physiol. 125(6), 2008–2018. https://doi.org/10.1152/JAPPLPHYSIOL.00407.2018 (2018).
doi: 10.1152/JAPPLPHYSIOL.00407.2018
pubmed: 30335579
Kim, K., Monroe, J. C., Gavin, T. P. & Roseguini, B. T. Skeletal muscle adaptations to heat therapy. J. Appl. Physiol. 128(6), 1635–1642. https://doi.org/10.1152/JAPPLPHYSIOL.00061.2020 (2020).
doi: 10.1152/JAPPLPHYSIOL.00061.2020
pubmed: 32352340
pmcid: 7311689
Versey, N. G., Halson, S. L. & Dawson, B. T. Effect of contrast water therapy duration on recovery of running performance. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 7(2), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.7.2.130 (2012).
doi: 10.1123/ijspp.7.2.130
pubmed: 22173197
Cochrane, D. J. Alternating hot and cold water immersion for athlete recovery: A review. Phys. Ther. Sport 5(1), 26–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PTSP.2003.10.002 (2004).
doi: 10.1016/J.PTSP.2003.10.002
Diouf, J. D. et al. Effects of intermittent dynamic compression (game ready) on treatment of musculo-skeletal injuries: About 12 basketball professionals. J. Orthop. Rheumatol. Sport. Med. 2, 2 (2018).
Alexander, J., Jeffery, J. & Rhodes, D. Recovery profiles of eccentric hamstring strength in response to cooling and compression. J. Bodyw. Mov. Ther. 27, 9–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JBMT.2021.03.010 (2021).
doi: 10.1016/J.JBMT.2021.03.010
pubmed: 34391318
Priego-Quesada, J. I. et al. Reproducibility of skin temperature response after cold stress test using the game ready system: Preliminary study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168295 (2021).
doi: 10.3390/ijerph18168295
pubmed: 34444044
pmcid: 8392449
Kostikiadis, I. N. et al. The effect of short-term sport-specific strength and conditioning training on physical fitness of well-trained mixed martial arts athletes. J. Sport. Sci. Med. 17(3), 348–358 (2018).
Limmer, M., de Marées, M. & Roth, R. Effects of forearm compression sleeves on muscle hemodynamics and muscular strength and endurance parameters in sports climbing: A randomized, controlled crossover trial. Front. Physiol. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPHYS.2022.888860 (2022).
doi: 10.3389/FPHYS.2022.888860
pubmed: 35726278
pmcid: 9206081
Maciejczyk, M. et al. Climbing-specific exercise tests: Energy system contributions and relationships with sport performance. Front. Physiol. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPHYS.2021.787902 (2022).
doi: 10.3389/FPHYS.2021.787902
pubmed: 35153810
pmcid: 8832011
Stien, N. et al. Comparison of climbing-specific strength and endurance between lead and boulder climbers. PLoS One https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0222529 (2019).
doi: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0222529
pubmed: 31536569
pmcid: 6752829
McKay, A. K. A. et al. Defining training and performance caliber: A participant classification framework. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 17(2), 317–331. https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSPP.2021-0451 (2022).
doi: 10.1123/IJSPP.2021-0451
pubmed: 34965513
Kvandal, P. et al. Low-frequency oscillations of the laser Doppler perfusion signal in human skin. Microvasc. Res. 72(3), 120–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MVR.2006.05.006 (2006).
doi: 10.1016/J.MVR.2006.05.006
pubmed: 16854436
Liana, R., Chudański, M. & Katedra, I. P. Standarisation of laser Doppler flowmetry: Own standards. Clin. Diabetol. 10(2), 58–64 (2009).
Rodrigues, L. M., Rocha, C., Ferreira, H. & Silva, H. Different lasers reveal different skin microcirculatory flowmotion: Data from the wavelet transform analysis of human hindlimb perfusion. Sci. Rep. https://doi.org/10.1038/S41598-019-53213-2 (2019).
doi: 10.1038/S41598-019-53213-2
pubmed: 31882963
pmcid: 6934790
Melo, A. S. C., Cruz, E. B., Vilas-Boas, J. P. & Sousa, A. S. P. Scapular dynamic muscular stiffness assessed through myotonometry: A narrative review. Sensors https://doi.org/10.3390/S22072565 (2022).
doi: 10.3390/S22072565
pubmed: 36616603
pmcid: 9824231
Bartsch, K. et al. Assessing reliability and validity of different stiffness measurement tools on a multi-layered phantom tissue model. Sci. Rep. 13(1), 815. https://doi.org/10.1038/S41598-023-27742-W (2023).
doi: 10.1038/S41598-023-27742-W
pubmed: 36646734
pmcid: 9842673
Chen, G. et al. Reliability of a portable device for quantifying tone and stiffness of quadriceps femoris and patellar tendon at different knee flexion angles. PLoS One 14(7), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220521 (2019).
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220521
Park, G., Kim, C. W., Park, S. B., Kim, M. J. & Jang, S. H. Reliability and usefulness of the pressure pain threshold measurement in patients with myofascial pain. Ann. Rehabil. Med. 35(3), 412. https://doi.org/10.5535/ARM.2011.35.3.412 (2011).
doi: 10.5535/ARM.2011.35.3.412
pubmed: 22506152
pmcid: 3309218
Sands, W. A., Mcneal, J. R., Murray, S. R. & Stone, M. H. Dynamic compression enhances pressure-to-pain threshold in elite athlete recovery: Exploratory study. J. Strength Cond. Res. 29(5), 1263–1272. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000412 (2015).
doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000412
pubmed: 24531439
Nakagawa, S. & Cuthill, I. C. Effect size, confidence interval and statistical significance: A practical guide for biologists. Biol. Rev. 82(4), 591–605. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.2007.00027.x (2007).
doi: 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2007.00027.x
pubmed: 17944619
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G. & Buchner, A. G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav. Res. Methods 39(2), 175–191. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146 (2007).
doi: 10.3758/BF03193146
pubmed: 17695343
Joyner, M. J. & Casey, D. P. Regulation of increased blood flow (hyperemia) to muscles during exercise: A hierarchy of competing physiological needs. Physiol. Rev. 95(2), 549–601. https://doi.org/10.1152/PHYSREV.00035.2013 (2015).
doi: 10.1152/PHYSREV.00035.2013
pubmed: 25834232
pmcid: 4551211
Eriksson, E., Germann, G. & Mathur, A. Microcirculation in muscle. Ann. Plast. Surg. 17(1), 13–16. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000637-198607000-00004 (1986).
doi: 10.1097/00000637-198607000-00004
pubmed: 3078617
Kim, K., Monroe, J. C., Gavin, T. P. & Roseguini, B. T. Local heat therapy to accelerate recovery after exercise-induced muscle damage. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. 48(4), 163–169. https://doi.org/10.1249/JES.0000000000000230 (2020).
doi: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000230
pubmed: 32658042
pmcid: 7492448
Kim, K. et al. Effects of repeated local heat therapy on skeletal muscle structure and function in humans. J. Appl. Physiol. 128(3), 483–492. https://doi.org/10.1152/JAPPLPHYSIOL.00701.2019 (2020).
doi: 10.1152/JAPPLPHYSIOL.00701.2019
pubmed: 31971474
Akasaki, Y. et al. Repeated thermal therapy up-regulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase and augments angiogenesis in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia. Circ. J. 70(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1253/CIRCJ.70.463 (2006).
doi: 10.1253/CIRCJ.70.463
pubmed: 16565566
Minson, C. T., Berry, L. T. & Joyner, M. J. Nitric oxide and neurally mediated regulation of skin blood flow during local heating. J. Appl. Physiol. 91(4), 1619–1626. https://doi.org/10.1152/JAPPL.2001.91.4.1619 (2001).
doi: 10.1152/JAPPL.2001.91.4.1619
pubmed: 11568143
Herzog, W. The problem with skeletal muscle series elasticity. BMC Biomed. Eng. https://doi.org/10.1186/S42490-019-0031-Y (2019).
doi: 10.1186/S42490-019-0031-Y
pubmed: 32903293
pmcid: 7422574
Kimura, K. et al. Quantitative analysis of the relation between soft tissue stiffness palpated from the body surface and tissue hemodynamics in the human forearm. Physiol. Meas. 28(12), 1495–1505. https://doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/28/12/004 (2007).
doi: 10.1088/0967-3334/28/12/004
pubmed: 18057514
Kelly, J. P., Koppenhaver, S. L., Michener, L. A., Kolber, M. J. & Cleland, J. A. Immediate decrease of muscle biomechanical stiffness following dry needling in asymptomatic participants. J. Bodyw. Mov. Ther. 27, 605–611. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JBMT.2021.04.014 (2021).
doi: 10.1016/J.JBMT.2021.04.014
pubmed: 34391295
Enoka, R. M. Neural adaptations with chronic physical activity. J. Biomech. 30(5), 447–455. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9290(96)00170-4 (1997).
doi: 10.1016/S0021-9290(96)00170-4
pubmed: 9109556
Kim, J. H., Jung, H. K. & Yim, J. E. Effects of contrast therapy using infrared and cryotherapy as compared with contrast bath therapy on blood flow, muscle tone, and pain threshold in young healthy adults. Med. Sci. Monit. 26, e922544–e922551. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.922544 (2020).
doi: 10.12659/MSM.922544
pubmed: 32745076
pmcid: 7425122
Roberts, T. J. & Konow, N. How tendons buffer energy dissipation by muscle. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. 41(4), 186–193. https://doi.org/10.1097/JES.0B013E3182A4E6D5 (2013).
doi: 10.1097/JES.0B013E3182A4E6D5
pubmed: 23873133
Vaile, J. M., Gill, N. D. & Blazevich, A. J. The effect of contrast water therapy on symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness. J. Strength Cond. Res. 21(3), 697–702. https://doi.org/10.1519/R-19355.1 (2007).
doi: 10.1519/R-19355.1
pubmed: 17685683
Semsarian, C. et al. Skeletal muscle hypertrophy is mediated by a Ca2+-dependent calcineurin signalling pathway. Nature 400(6744), 576–581. https://doi.org/10.1038/23054 (1999).
doi: 10.1038/23054
pubmed: 10448861
Il Kang, J., Jeong, D. K. & Choi, H. Effects of microcurrent and cryotherapy on C-reactive protein levels andmuscle tone of patients with rotator cuff reconstruction. J. Phys. Ther. Sci. 30(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.1589/JPTS.30.37 (2018).
doi: 10.1589/JPTS.30.37
James, L. P., Beckman, E. M., Kelly, V. G. & Haff, G. G. The neuromuscular qualities of higher- and lower-level mixed-martial-arts competitors. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 12(5), 612–620. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0373 (2017).
doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2016-0373
pubmed: 27632577
Tamura, Y. et al. Postexercise whole body heat stress additively enhances endurance training-induced mitochondrial adaptations in mouse skeletal muscle. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 307(7), R931–R943. https://doi.org/10.1152/AJPREGU.00525.2013 (2014).
doi: 10.1152/AJPREGU.00525.2013
pubmed: 25080501
Heinonen, I., Koga, S., Kalliokoski, K. K., Musch, T. I. & Poole, D. C. Heterogeneity of muscle blood flow and metabolism: Influence of exercise, aging and disease states. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. 43(3), 117. https://doi.org/10.1249/JES.0000000000000044 (2015).
doi: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000044
pubmed: 25688763
pmcid: 4470710
Bieuzen, F., Bleakley, C. M. & Costello, J. T. Contrast water therapy and exercise induced muscle damage: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062356 (2013).
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062356
pubmed: 23991134
pmcid: 3749989
Colantuono, V. M. et al. Contrast with compression therapy enhances muscle function recovery and attenuates glycogen disruption after exercise. Sports Health 15(2), 234–243. https://doi.org/10.1177/19417381221080172 (2023).
doi: 10.1177/19417381221080172
pubmed: 35343332