Eculizumab Use in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders: Routine Clinical Care Data From a European Cohort.

Humans Neuromyelitis Optica / drug therapy Female Middle Aged Male Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / therapeutic use Adult Retrospective Studies Aged Complement Inactivating Agents / therapeutic use Treatment Outcome Cohort Studies Meningococcal Vaccines Aquaporin 4 / immunology Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Journal

Neurology
ISSN: 1526-632X
Titre abrégé: Neurology
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0401060

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
12 Nov 2024
Historique:
medline: 3 10 2024
pubmed: 3 10 2024
entrez: 1 10 2024
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Attack prevention is crucial in managing neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs). Eculizumab (ECU), an inhibitor of the terminal complement cascade, was highly effective in preventing attacks in a phase III trial of aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-IgG seropositive(+) NMOSDs. In this article, we evaluated effectiveness and safety of ECU in routine clinical care. We retrospectively evaluated patients with AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD treated with ECU between December 2014 and April 2022 at 20 German and 1 Austrian university center(s) of the Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group (NEMOS) by chart review. Primary outcomes were effectiveness (assessed using annualized attack rate [AAR], MRI activity, and disability changes [Expanded Disability Status Scale {EDSS}]) and safety (including adverse events, mortality, and attacks after meningococcal vaccinations), analyzed by descriptive statistics. Fifty-two patients (87% female, age 55.0 ± 16.3 years) received ECU for 16.2 (interquartile range [IQR] 9.6 - 21.7) months. Forty-five patients (87%) received meningococcal vaccination before starting ECU, 9 with concomitant oral prednisone and 36 without. Seven of the latter (19%) experienced attacks shortly after vaccination (median: 9 days, IQR 6-10 days). No postvaccinal attack occurred in the 9 patients vaccinated while on oral prednisone before starting ECU and in 25 (re-)vaccinated while on ECU. During ECU therapy, 88% of patients were attack-free. The median AAR decreased from 1.0 (range 0-4) in the 2 years preceding ECU to 0 (range 0-0.8; Eculizumab proved to be effective in preventing NMOSD attacks. An increased risk of attacks after meningococcal vaccination before ECU start and potentially fatal systemic infections during ECU-particularly in patients with comorbidities-must be considered. Further research is necessary to explore optimal timing for meningococcal vaccinations. This study provides Class IV evidence that eculizumab reduces annualized attack rates and new MRI lesions in AQP4-IgG+ patients with NMOSD.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVE
Attack prevention is crucial in managing neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs). Eculizumab (ECU), an inhibitor of the terminal complement cascade, was highly effective in preventing attacks in a phase III trial of aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-IgG seropositive(+) NMOSDs. In this article, we evaluated effectiveness and safety of ECU in routine clinical care.
METHODS METHODS
We retrospectively evaluated patients with AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD treated with ECU between December 2014 and April 2022 at 20 German and 1 Austrian university center(s) of the Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group (NEMOS) by chart review. Primary outcomes were effectiveness (assessed using annualized attack rate [AAR], MRI activity, and disability changes [Expanded Disability Status Scale {EDSS}]) and safety (including adverse events, mortality, and attacks after meningococcal vaccinations), analyzed by descriptive statistics.
RESULTS RESULTS
Fifty-two patients (87% female, age 55.0 ± 16.3 years) received ECU for 16.2 (interquartile range [IQR] 9.6 - 21.7) months. Forty-five patients (87%) received meningococcal vaccination before starting ECU, 9 with concomitant oral prednisone and 36 without. Seven of the latter (19%) experienced attacks shortly after vaccination (median: 9 days, IQR 6-10 days). No postvaccinal attack occurred in the 9 patients vaccinated while on oral prednisone before starting ECU and in 25 (re-)vaccinated while on ECU. During ECU therapy, 88% of patients were attack-free. The median AAR decreased from 1.0 (range 0-4) in the 2 years preceding ECU to 0 (range 0-0.8;
DISCUSSION CONCLUSIONS
Eculizumab proved to be effective in preventing NMOSD attacks. An increased risk of attacks after meningococcal vaccination before ECU start and potentially fatal systemic infections during ECU-particularly in patients with comorbidities-must be considered. Further research is necessary to explore optimal timing for meningococcal vaccinations.
CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE METHODS
This study provides Class IV evidence that eculizumab reduces annualized attack rates and new MRI lesions in AQP4-IgG+ patients with NMOSD.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000209888 PMID: 39353149
pubmed: 39353149
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000209888
doi:

Substances chimiques

eculizumab A3ULP0F556
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized 0
Complement Inactivating Agents 0
Meningococcal Vaccines 0
Aquaporin 4 0

Types de publication

Journal Article Multicenter Study

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

e209888

Auteurs

Marius Ringelstein (M)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0003-3618-8407

Susanna Asseyer (S)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0001-6289-1791

Gero Lindenblatt (G)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.

Katinka Fischer (K)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.

Refik Pul (R)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-8940-9317

Jelena Skuljec (J)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.

Lisa Revie (L)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.

Katrin Giglhuber (K)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.

Vivien Häußler (V)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-7787-7391

Michael Karenfort (M)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.

Kerstin Hellwig (K)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0003-4467-9011

Friedemann Paul (F)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-6378-0070

Judith Bellmann-Strobl (J)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0003-2615-1643

Carolin Otto (C)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.

Klemens Ruprecht (K)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0003-1962-6014

Tjalf Ziemssen (T)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0001-8799-8202

Alexander Emmer (A)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.

Veit Rothhammer (V)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.

Florian T Nickel (FT)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.

Klemens Angstwurm (K)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.

Ralf Linker (R)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.

Sarah A Laurent (SA)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.

Clemens Warnke (C)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-3510-9255

Sven Jarius (S)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.

Mirjam Korporal-Kuhnke (M)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.

Brigitte Wildemann (B)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.

Stephanie Wolff (S)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
ORCID: 0009-0001-1974-1090

Maria Seipelt (M)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.

Yavor Yalachkov (Y)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-0805-771X

Nele Retzlaff (N)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.

Uwe K Zettl (UK)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.

Paulus S Rommer (PS)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0001-5209-6647

Markus C Kowarik (MC)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.

Jonathan Wickel (J)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-5854-3759

Christian Geis (C)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-9859-581X

Martin W Hümmert (MW)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-5928-2343

Corinna Trebst (C)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.

Makbule Senel (M)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.

Ralf Gold (R)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-7223-3052

Luisa Klotz (L)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0001-5439-9633

Christoph Kleinschnitz (C)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-1650-8875

Sven G Meuth (SG)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0003-2571-3501

Orhan Aktas (O)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-2020-9210

Achim Berthele (A)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0001-9650-6222

Ilya Ayzenberg (I)

From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
ORCID: 0009-0007-9491-2180
From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.

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Classifications MeSH

questionsmedicales.fr › Eucaryotes › Animaux › Chordés › Vertébrés › Mammifères › Eutheria › Primates › Haplorhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Humains › Eculizumab Use in Neuromyelitis Optica...
questionsmedicales.fr › Maladies du système immunitaire › Maladies auto-immunes › Maladies auto-immunes du système nerveux › Maladies démyélinisantes auto-immunes du SNC › Neuromyélite optique › Eculizumab Use in Neuromyelitis Optica...
questionsmedicales.fr › Personnes › Tranches d'âge › Adulte › Adulte d'âge moyen › Eculizumab Use in Neuromyelitis Optica...
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