Depth of invasion and extranodal extension: the influential factors to predict survival rate of patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma.
Extra-nodal extension
Head and neck neoplasms
Neoplasm staging
Squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck
Survival
Tongue
Journal
BMC cancer
ISSN: 1471-2407
Titre abrégé: BMC Cancer
Pays: England
ID NLM: 100967800
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
10 Oct 2024
10 Oct 2024
Historique:
received:
01
02
2024
accepted:
26
09
2024
medline:
11
10
2024
pubmed:
11
10
2024
entrez:
10
10
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Cancer staging is essential in determining patients' prognoses and designing the appropriate treatment strategy. American Joint Committee on Cancer has released the latest version of the staging system for tongue SCC. However, it is interesting to know whether this change in staging and the addition of depth of invasion (DOI) and the extra-nodal extension (ENE) have any influence on patients' prognosis. In this retrospective cohort study, the pathology records of patients with tongue SCC who underwent surgery at the Pathology Department of Cancer Institute Hospital, 2017-2021, were collected by referring to the hospital information system. Then the rate of change of pT, pN, and overall stage were assessed based on American Joint Committee on Cancer 7th and 8th editions. The records of 204 patients were included in the final analysis. Significant changes in the staging system 2021 resulted in upstaging 64 patients (31.4%) in the overall stage, 91 patients (44.6%) in pT, and 30 patients (14.7%) in pN. The survival of upstaged patients was inferior compared to those without upstaging. However, this was not statistically significant for tumor and overall upstaging in the univariate analysis, while those with upstaged pN had significantly shorter survival. In the multivariate analysis, pT upstage also significantly impacted survival. This study showed the importance of pathology reports based on the latest edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer, the accuracy in examining factors such as depth of invasion and extra-nodal extension.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Cancer staging is essential in determining patients' prognoses and designing the appropriate treatment strategy. American Joint Committee on Cancer has released the latest version of the staging system for tongue SCC. However, it is interesting to know whether this change in staging and the addition of depth of invasion (DOI) and the extra-nodal extension (ENE) have any influence on patients' prognosis.
METHODS
METHODS
In this retrospective cohort study, the pathology records of patients with tongue SCC who underwent surgery at the Pathology Department of Cancer Institute Hospital, 2017-2021, were collected by referring to the hospital information system. Then the rate of change of pT, pN, and overall stage were assessed based on American Joint Committee on Cancer 7th and 8th editions.
RESULTS
RESULTS
The records of 204 patients were included in the final analysis. Significant changes in the staging system 2021 resulted in upstaging 64 patients (31.4%) in the overall stage, 91 patients (44.6%) in pT, and 30 patients (14.7%) in pN. The survival of upstaged patients was inferior compared to those without upstaging. However, this was not statistically significant for tumor and overall upstaging in the univariate analysis, while those with upstaged pN had significantly shorter survival. In the multivariate analysis, pT upstage also significantly impacted survival.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
This study showed the importance of pathology reports based on the latest edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer, the accuracy in examining factors such as depth of invasion and extra-nodal extension.
Identifiants
pubmed: 39390390
doi: 10.1186/s12885-024-12997-x
pii: 10.1186/s12885-024-12997-x
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1256Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
Références
Ng JH, Iyer NG, Tan MH, Edgren G. Changing epidemiology of oral squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: a global study. Head Neck. 2017;39(2):297–304.
doi: 10.1002/hed.24589
pubmed: 27696557
Feller L, Lemmer J. Oral squamous cell carcinoma: epidemiology, clinical presentation and treatment. Squamous cell Carcinoma. 2012;3(4):263–9.
Troeltzsch M, Knösel T, Eichinger C, Probst F, Troeltzsch M, Woodlock T, et al. Clinicopathologic features of oral squamous cell carcinoma: do they vary in different age groups? J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014;72(7):1291–300.
doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2014.01.009
pubmed: 24813775
Kumar M, Nanavati R, Modi TG, Dobariya C. Oral cancer: etiology and risk factors: a review. J Cancer Res Ther. 2016;12(2):458–63.
doi: 10.4103/0973-1482.186696
pubmed: 27461593
Kim Y-J, Kim JH. Increasing incidence and improving survival of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):1–11.
Jeon J-H, Kim MG, Park JY, Lee JH, Kim MJ, Myoung H, et al. Analysis of the outcome of young age tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Maxillofacial Plast Reconstr Surg. 2017;39:1–7.
Ganly I, Patel S, Shah J. Early stage squamous cell cancer of the oral tongue—clinicopathologic features affecting outcome. Cancer. 2012;118(1):101–11.
doi: 10.1002/cncr.26229
pubmed: 21717431
Amin MB, Edge SB, Greene FL, Byrd DR, Brookland RK, Washington MK et al. AJCC cancer staging manual: Springer; 2017.
Almangush A, Mäkitie AA, Triantafyllou A, de Bree R, Strojan P, Rinaldo A, et al. Staging and grading of oral squamous cell carcinoma: an update. Oral Oncol. 2020;107:104799.
doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104799
pubmed: 32446214
Kato MG, Baek C-H, Chaturvedi P, Gallagher R, Kowalski LP, Leemans CR, et al. Update on oral and oropharyngeal cancer staging-international perspectives. World J Otorhinolaryngology-Head Neck Surg. 2020;6(01):66–75.
doi: 10.1016/j.wjorl.2019.06.001
Durr ML, van Zante A, Li D, Kezirian EJ, Wang SJ. Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma in never-smokers: analysis of clinicopathologic characteristics and survival. Otolaryngology–Head Neck Surg. 2013;149(1):89–96.
doi: 10.1177/0194599813482876
Ling W, Mijiti A, Moming A. Survival pattern and prognostic factors of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: a retrospective analysis of 210 cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2013;71(4):775–85.
doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2012.09.026
pubmed: 23265849
Tan WJ, Chia CS, Tan HK, Soo K-C, Iyer NG. Prognostic significance of invasion depth in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. ORL. 2012;74(5):264–70.
doi: 10.1159/000343796
pubmed: 23128365
Thiagarajan S, Nair S, Nair D, Chaturvedi P, Kane SV, Agarwal JP, et al. Predictors of prognosis for squamous cell carcinoma of oral tongue. J Surg Oncol. 2014;109(7):639–44.
doi: 10.1002/jso.23583
pubmed: 24619660
Mascitti M, Rubini C, De Michele F, Balercia P, Girotto R, Troiano G, et al. American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system 7th edition versus 8th edition: any improvement for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue? Oral surgery, oral medicine. Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2018;126(5):415–23.
doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2018.07.052
Mascitti M, Zhurakivska K, Togni L, Caponio VC, Almangush A, Balercia P, et al. Addition of the tumour–stroma ratio to the 8th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system improves survival prediction for patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Histopathology. 2020;77(5):810–22.
doi: 10.1111/his.14202
pubmed: 32633006
Tagliabue M, De Berardinis R, Belloni P, Gandini S, Scaglione D, Maffini F, et al. Oral tongue carcinoma: prognostic changes according to the updated 2020 version of the AJCC/UICC TNM staging system. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2022;42(2):140.
doi: 10.14639/0392-100X-N2055
pubmed: 35612505
pmcid: 9131996
Kano S, Sakashita T, Tsushima N, Mizumachi T, Nakazono A, Suzuki T, et al. Validation of the 8th edition of the AJCC/UICC TNM staging system for tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Clin Oncol. 2018;23:844–50.
doi: 10.1007/s10147-018-1276-5
pubmed: 29675646
Yu S, Yu ZL, Ye ZW, Jia J. Comparative study on classifications of AJCC 8th and 7th in the patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Dis. 2022.
Pollaers K, Hinton-Bayre A, Friedland PL, Farah CS. AJCC 8th Edition oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma staging–Is it an improvement on the AJCC 7th Edition? Oral Oncol. 2018;82:23–8.
doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.04.018
pubmed: 29909897
Matos LL, Dedivitis RA, Kulcsar MAV, de Mello ES, Alves VAF, Cernea CR. External validation of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, in an independent cohort of oral cancer patients. Oral Oncol. 2017;71:47–53.
doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.05.020
pubmed: 28688690
McGoldrick D, Torres-Rendon A, Sandhu R, Walton G. Validation of the UICC 8th edition staging of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma in a UK cohort. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2021;59(1):76–81.
doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.08.029
pubmed: 33082012
Arun I, Maity N, Hameed S, Jain PV, Manikantan K, Sharan R, et al. Lymph node characteristics and their prognostic significance in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck. 2021;43(2):520–33.
doi: 10.1002/hed.26499
pubmed: 33021340
Jardim J, Francisco A, Gondak R, Damascena A, Kowalski L. Prognostic impact of perineural invasion and lymphovascular invasion in advanced stage oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;44(1):23–8.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2014.10.006
pubmed: 25457832
Li Y, Zhao Z, Liu X, Ju J, Chai J, Ni Q, et al. Nomograms to estimate long-term overall survival and tongue cancer‐specific survival of patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Med. 2017;6(5):1002–13.
doi: 10.1002/cam4.1021
pubmed: 28411370
pmcid: 5430099
Faisal M, Abu Bakar M, Sarwar A, Adeel M, Batool F, Malik KI, et al. Depth of invasion (DOI) as a predictor of cervical nodal metastasis and local recurrence in early stage squamous cell carcinoma of oral tongue (ESSCOT). PLoS ONE. 2018;13(8):e0202632.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202632
pubmed: 30133515
pmcid: 6105019