Effects of a Carbohydrate Meal on Lipolysis.

BACKGROUND

Due to the increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes, effective dietary recommendations are needed. Previously, we developed the low-insulin method: by avoiding insulinogenic, i.e., insulin-release-triggering foods, insulin secretion becomes reduced, lipolysis is stimulated, and energy production is shifted to ketosis with excess ketone bodies exhaled in the form of acetone. Now, we investigate how quickly stable ketosis (defined as fasting breath acetone concentration ≥ 7.0 ppm) is achieved, whether and for how long a carbohydrate meal inhibits ketosis, and whether the responses differ in healthy adults with different insulin levels.

METHODS

An oral glucose tolerance test was conducted, and body composition and fasting insulin were determined at the beginning and end of the 14-day study. Participants (

RESULTS

After seven days, all participants achieved stable ketosis (defined as fasting breath acetone concentration ≥ 7.0 ppm), which dropped from 8.2 to 5.7 ppm (

CONCLUSIONS

By carbohydrate restriction, stable ketosis can be achieved within one week. However, a single carbohydrate meal inhibits ketosis for several days. This effect is pronounced in individuals with elevated fasting insulin levels.