Titre : Cellules THP-1

Cellules THP-1 : Questions médicales fréquentes

Termes MeSH sélectionnés :

Cell-Derived Microparticles
{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@graph": [ { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Cellules THP-1 : Questions médicales les plus fréquentes", "headline": "Cellules THP-1 : Comprendre les symptômes, diagnostics et traitements", "description": "Guide complet et accessible sur les Cellules THP-1 : explications, diagnostics, traitements et prévention. Information médicale validée destinée aux patients.", "datePublished": "2024-03-26", "dateModified": "2025-03-21", "inLanguage": "fr", "medicalAudience": [ { "@type": "MedicalAudience", "name": "Grand public", "audienceType": "Patient", "healthCondition": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Cellules THP-1" }, "suggestedMinAge": 18, "suggestedGender": "unisex" }, { "@type": "MedicalAudience", "name": "Médecins", "audienceType": "Physician", "geographicArea": { "@type": "AdministrativeArea", "name": "France" } }, { "@type": "MedicalAudience", "name": "Chercheurs", "audienceType": "Researcher", "geographicArea": { "@type": "AdministrativeArea", "name": "International" } } ], "reviewedBy": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Dr Olivier Menir", "jobTitle": "Expert en Médecine", "description": "Expert en Médecine, Optimisation des Parcours de Soins et Révision Médicale", "url": "/static/pages/docteur-olivier-menir.html", "alumniOf": { "@type": "EducationalOrganization", "name": "Université Paris Descartes" } }, "isPartOf": { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Lignée cellulaire tumorale", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D045744", "about": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Lignée cellulaire tumorale", "code": { "@type": "MedicalCode", "code": "D045744", "codingSystem": "MeSH" }, "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "MeSH Tree", "value": "A11.251.860.180" } } }, "about": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Cellules THP-1", "alternateName": "THP-1 Cells", "code": { "@type": "MedicalCode", "code": "D000074084", "codingSystem": "MeSH" } }, "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Terumasa Ikeda", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Terumasa%20Ikeda", "affiliation": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "2 Institute for Molecular Virology, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA." } }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Michael A Carpenter", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Michael%20A%20Carpenter", "affiliation": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "3 Center for Genome Engineering, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA." } }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "William L Brown", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/William%20L%20Brown", "affiliation": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "4 Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA." } }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Reuben S Harris", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Reuben%20S%20Harris", "affiliation": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "3 Center for Genome Engineering, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA." } }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Valentina Galbiati", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Valentina%20Galbiati", "affiliation": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Università Degli Studi di Milano, Laboratory of Toxicology, Dipartimento di Scienze Politiche ed Ambientali, Milan, Italy." } } ], "citation": [ { "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "name": "Acute myeloid leukemia-derived exosomes deliver miR-24-3p to hinder the T-cell immune response through DENN/MADD targeting in the NF-κB signaling pathways.", "datePublished": "2023-09-21", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/37735672", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1186/s12964-023-01259-1" } }, { "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "name": "Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells preserve endogenous insulin production in type 1 diabetes: a Phase I/II randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial.", "datePublished": "2023-05-24", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/37221247", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1007/s00125-023-05934-3" } }, { "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "name": "Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) loaded with concentrated hypoxic pretreated adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells(ADSCs) conditioned medium promotes wound healing and vascular regeneration in aged skin.", "datePublished": "2023-02-13", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/36782342", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1186/s40824-023-00352-3" } }, { "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "name": "Quinolinyl β-enaminone derivatives exhibit leishmanicidal activity against Leishmania donovani by impairing the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex and inducing ROS-mediated programmed cell death.", "datePublished": "2022-12-07", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/36475314", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1093/jac/dkac395" } }, { "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "name": "Biocompatible Properties and Mineralization Potential of Premixed Calcium Silicate-Based Cements and Fast-Set Calcium Silicate-Based Cements on Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells.", "datePublished": "2022-10-28", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/36363187", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.3390/ma15217595" } } ], "breadcrumb": { "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "name": "questionsmedicales.fr", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "name": "Cellules", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D002477" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "name": "Cellules cultivées", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D002478" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 4, "name": "Cellules cancéreuses en culture", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D014407" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 5, "name": "Lignée cellulaire tumorale", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D045744" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 6, "name": "Cellules THP-1", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D000074084" } ] } }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Article complet : Cellules THP-1 - Questions et réponses", "headline": "Questions et réponses médicales fréquentes sur Cellules THP-1", "description": "Une compilation de questions et réponses structurées, validées par des experts médicaux.", "datePublished": "2025-05-02", "inLanguage": "fr", "hasPart": [ { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Diagnostic", "headline": "Diagnostic sur Cellules THP-1", "description": "Comment identifier les cellules THP-1 en laboratoire ?\nQuels tests sont utilisés pour caractériser les cellules THP-1 ?\nLes cellules THP-1 peuvent-elles être contaminées ?\nQuelle est la source des cellules THP-1 ?\nLes cellules THP-1 sont-elles sensibles à des médicaments ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D000074084?mesh_terms=Cell-Derived+Microparticles&page=1000#section-diagnostic" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Symptômes", "headline": "Symptômes sur Cellules THP-1", "description": "Quels sont les marqueurs d'activation des cellules THP-1 ?\nLes cellules THP-1 montrent-elles des signes d'inflammation ?\nComment les cellules THP-1 réagissent-elles aux pathogènes ?\nLes cellules THP-1 peuvent-elles se différencier ?\nQuels effets ont les cytokines sur les cellules THP-1 ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D000074084?mesh_terms=Cell-Derived+Microparticles&page=1000#section-symptômes" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Prévention", "headline": "Prévention sur Cellules THP-1", "description": "Comment prévenir la contamination des cellules THP-1 ?\nQuelles conditions de culture sont idéales pour les cellules THP-1 ?\nLes cellules THP-1 nécessitent-elles des soins particuliers ?\nComment assurer la viabilité des cellules THP-1 ?\nLes cellules THP-1 peuvent-elles être cryogénisées ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D000074084?mesh_terms=Cell-Derived+Microparticles&page=1000#section-prévention" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Traitements", "headline": "Traitements sur Cellules THP-1", "description": "Comment les cellules THP-1 sont-elles utilisées en recherche ?\nPeut-on modifier génétiquement les cellules THP-1 ?\nQuels traitements sont testés sur les cellules THP-1 ?\nLes cellules THP-1 peuvent-elles être utilisées pour des tests de toxicité ?\nComment les cellules THP-1 aident-elles à comprendre les maladies ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D000074084?mesh_terms=Cell-Derived+Microparticles&page=1000#section-traitements" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Complications", "headline": "Complications sur Cellules THP-1", "description": "Quelles complications peuvent survenir lors de l'utilisation des cellules THP-1 ?\nLes cellules THP-1 peuvent-elles induire des réponses immunitaires indésirables ?\nQuels risques sont associés à la manipulation des cellules THP-1 ?\nLes cellules THP-1 peuvent-elles être affectées par des agents externes ?\nComment minimiser les complications lors des expériences avec THP-1 ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D000074084?mesh_terms=Cell-Derived+Microparticles&page=1000#section-complications" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Facteurs de risque", "headline": "Facteurs de risque sur Cellules THP-1", "description": "Quels facteurs influencent la croissance des cellules THP-1 ?\nLes cellules THP-1 sont-elles sensibles à des agents environnementaux ?\nQuels traitements peuvent affecter les cellules THP-1 ?\nLes cellules THP-1 sont-elles affectées par le stress oxydatif ?\nQuels facteurs génétiques influencent les cellules THP-1 ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D000074084?mesh_terms=Cell-Derived+Microparticles&page=1000#section-facteurs de risque" } ] }, { "@type": "FAQPage", "mainEntity": [ { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment identifier les cellules THP-1 en laboratoire ?", "position": 1, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les cellules THP-1 sont identifiées par leur morphologie et leur expression de marqueurs spécifiques." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels tests sont utilisés pour caractériser les cellules THP-1 ?", "position": 2, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des tests comme la cytométrie en flux et l'immunofluorescence sont utilisés." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les cellules THP-1 peuvent-elles être contaminées ?", "position": 3, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, comme toutes les lignées cellulaires, elles peuvent être contaminées par des bactéries ou des mycoplasmes." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelle est la source des cellules THP-1 ?", "position": 4, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les cellules THP-1 proviennent de la moelle osseuse d'un patient atteint de leucémie." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les cellules THP-1 sont-elles sensibles à des médicaments ?", "position": 5, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, elles sont souvent utilisées pour tester la sensibilité à divers agents pharmacologiques." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels sont les marqueurs d'activation des cellules THP-1 ?", "position": 6, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les marqueurs incluent CD14, CD11b et CD68, indiquant leur activation." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les cellules THP-1 montrent-elles des signes d'inflammation ?", "position": 7, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, elles produisent des cytokines pro-inflammatoires lorsqu'elles sont activées." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment les cellules THP-1 réagissent-elles aux pathogènes ?", "position": 8, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Elles phagocytent les pathogènes et sécrètent des médiateurs inflammatoires." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les cellules THP-1 peuvent-elles se différencier ?", "position": 9, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, elles peuvent se différencier en macrophages sous l'influence de certains facteurs." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels effets ont les cytokines sur les cellules THP-1 ?", "position": 10, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les cytokines modulent leur activation et leur capacité à produire d'autres médiateurs." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment prévenir la contamination des cellules THP-1 ?", "position": 11, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Utiliser des techniques aseptiques et vérifier régulièrement la pureté cellulaire." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles conditions de culture sont idéales pour les cellules THP-1 ?", "position": 12, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Elles nécessitent un milieu riche en nutriments et une température contrôlée." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les cellules THP-1 nécessitent-elles des soins particuliers ?", "position": 13, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, elles doivent être manipulées avec précaution pour éviter le stress cellulaire." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment assurer la viabilité des cellules THP-1 ?", "position": 14, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Maintenir des conditions optimales de culture et éviter les cycles de congélation-décongélation." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les cellules THP-1 peuvent-elles être cryogénisées ?", "position": 15, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, elles peuvent être cryogénisées pour une conservation à long terme." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment les cellules THP-1 sont-elles utilisées en recherche ?", "position": 16, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Elles sont utilisées pour étudier les mécanismes immunitaires et tester des médicaments." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Peut-on modifier génétiquement les cellules THP-1 ?", "position": 17, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, des techniques comme CRISPR peuvent être utilisées pour modifier leur génome." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels traitements sont testés sur les cellules THP-1 ?", "position": 18, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des traitements anti-inflammatoires et anticancéreux sont souvent testés." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les cellules THP-1 peuvent-elles être utilisées pour des tests de toxicité ?", "position": 19, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, elles sont souvent utilisées pour évaluer la toxicité des composés chimiques." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment les cellules THP-1 aident-elles à comprendre les maladies ?", "position": 20, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Elles modélisent des maladies inflammatoires et infectieuses pour étudier les mécanismes." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles complications peuvent survenir lors de l'utilisation des cellules THP-1 ?", "position": 21, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des résultats biaisés peuvent survenir si les cellules sont contaminées ou mal caractérisées." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les cellules THP-1 peuvent-elles induire des réponses immunitaires indésirables ?", "position": 22, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, elles peuvent parfois produire des réponses immunitaires non spécifiques." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels risques sont associés à la manipulation des cellules THP-1 ?", "position": 23, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Le risque principal est la contamination croisée avec d'autres lignées cellulaires." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les cellules THP-1 peuvent-elles être affectées par des agents externes ?", "position": 24, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, des agents comme les toxines ou les médicaments peuvent altérer leur fonction." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment minimiser les complications lors des expériences avec THP-1 ?", "position": 25, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Suivre des protocoles stricts et effectuer des contrôles réguliers de qualité." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels facteurs influencent la croissance des cellules THP-1 ?", "position": 26, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des facteurs comme la température, le pH et la composition du milieu influencent leur croissance." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les cellules THP-1 sont-elles sensibles à des agents environnementaux ?", "position": 27, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, elles peuvent être affectées par des agents chimiques ou physiques dans leur environnement." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels traitements peuvent affecter les cellules THP-1 ?", "position": 28, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des traitements comme les cytokines ou les médicaments peuvent moduler leur activité." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les cellules THP-1 sont-elles affectées par le stress oxydatif ?", "position": 29, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, le stress oxydatif peut altérer leur fonction et leur viabilité." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels facteurs génétiques influencent les cellules THP-1 ?", "position": 30, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des variations génétiques peuvent affecter leur réponse aux stimuli immunitaires." } } ] } ] }

Sources (10000 au total)

Acute myeloid leukemia-derived exosomes deliver miR-24-3p to hinder the T-cell immune response through DENN/MADD targeting in the NF-κB signaling pathways.

microRNAs (miRNAs) are known as potent gene expression regulators, and several studies have revealed the prognostic value of miRNAs in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient survival. Recently, strong e... We found that AML blast-released EXOs enhance CD3 T-cell apoptosis in both CD4 and CD8 T cells. We hypothesized that miRNAs present in EXOs are key players in mediating the changes observed in AML T-c... These results highlight a mechanism through which AML blasts indirectly impede T-cell function via transferred exosomal miR-24-3p. In conclusion, by characterizing the signaling network regulated by i...

Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells preserve endogenous insulin production in type 1 diabetes: a Phase I/II randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of treatment with allogeneic Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in recent-onset type 1 diabetes.... A combined Phase I/II trial, composed of a dose escalation followed by a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study in parallel design, was performed in which treatment with allogeneic MSCs prod... Three participants were included in each dose cohort during the first part of the study. Fifteen participants were randomised in the second part of the study, with ten participants assigned to ProTran... This study suggests that allogeneic Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (ProTrans) is a safe treatment for recent-onset type 1 diabetes, with the potential to preserve beta cell function.... ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03406585 FUNDING: The sponsor of the clinical trial is NextCell Pharma AB, Stockholm, Sweden....

Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) loaded with concentrated hypoxic pretreated adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells(ADSCs) conditioned medium promotes wound healing and vascular regeneration in aged skin.

Aging skin is characterized by a disturbed structure and lack of blood supply, which makes it difficult to heal once injured. ADSCs secrete large amounts of cytokines, which promote wound healing and ... Primary ADSCs were isolated from human adipose tissue and characterized by flow cytometry and differentiation test. ADSCs in passages 4-6 were pretreated in the hypoxic and normoxic environments to co... Our results revealed that 1) wounds in aged skin healed more slowly than that in young skin and exhibited poorer perfusion; 2) hypoxic pretreated ADSCs secreted more cytokines including VEGF by activa... GelMA loaded with concentrated hypoxic pretreated adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells conditioned medium could accelerate wound healing in aged skin by promoting angiogenesis....

Quinolinyl β-enaminone derivatives exhibit leishmanicidal activity against Leishmania donovani by impairing the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex and inducing ROS-mediated programmed cell death.

Previously, a series of side chain-modified quinolinyl β-enaminones was identified to possess significant activity against chloroquine-sensitive or -resistant Plasmodium falciparum and Brugia malayi m... The in vitro activity of 15 quinolinyl β-enaminone derivatives against Leishmania promastigotes and amastigotes was assessed by luciferase assay. The reduction of organ parasite burden was assessed by... Compounds 3A, 3B and 3D showed significant in vitro efficacy against L. donovani with IC50 < 6 µM and mild cytotoxicity (∼75% viability) at 25 µM on J774 macrophages. 3A and 3D at 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/... Compound 3D-mediated inhibition of L. donovani mitochondrial complex induces apoptosis, making it a promising therapeutic candidate for visceral leishmaniasis....

Exosome Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviates Pathological Scars by Inhibiting the Proliferation, Migration and Protein Expression of Fibroblasts via Delivering miR-138-5p to Target SIRT1.

The therapies of using exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-Exo) for wound healing and scar attenuation and micro RNAs (miRNAs) for regulation of genes by translational inhibition and mRN... MSC-Exo was isolated and identified by ultracentrifugation, transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle size measuring instrument and Western blot assays. The relationship between SIRT1 and miR-138... Our study demonstrated that miR-138-5p loaded in MSC-Exo could attenuate proliferation, migration and protein expression of HSFs-derived NF-κB, α-SMA, and TGF-β1 by targeting to SIRT1 gene, which conf... Exosomes derived from MSCs acting as a delivery vehicle to deliver miR-138-5p can downregulate SIRT1 to inhibit the growth and protein expression of HSFs and attenuate pathological scars....

Shexiang Baoxin Pill Regulates Intimal Hyperplasia, Migration, and Apoptosis after Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB-Stimulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via miR-451.

To investigate the regulatory roles of Shexiang Baoxin Pill (SXBXW) in neointimal formation and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) invasion and apoptosis as well as the potential molecular mechanism... VSMCs were randomly assigned to 5 groups: blank, PDGF-BB (20 ng/mL+ 0.1% DMSO), SXBXW-L (PDGF-BB 20 ng/mL + SXBXW low dose 0.625 g/L), SXBXW-M (PDGF-BB 20 ng/mL + SXBXW medium dose 1.25 g/L) and SXBXW... PDGF-BB induced VSMCs injury causes acceleration of proliferation and migration. SXBXW inhibited phenotypic switching, proliferation and migration and promoted cell apoptosis in PDGF-BB-induced VSMCs.... SXBXW regulated proliferation, migration and apoptosis via activation of miR-451 through ATF2, p53 and Ywhaz in PDGF-BB-stimulated VSMCs....

TSG-6 released from adipose stem cells-derived small extracellular vesicle protects against spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury (SCIRI) is a complication of aortic aneurysm repair or spinal cord surgery that is associated with permanent neurological deficits. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-... We found that ADSC-sEVs inhibited SCIRI-induced neuronal apoptosis, degradation of tight junction proteins and suppressed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, in the presence of the ER stress i... ADSC-sEVs inhibit neuronal apoptosis and BSCB disruption in SCIRI by transmitting TSG-6, which suppresses ER stress by modulating the PI3K/AKT pathway....